THUS FAR WE HAVE REVIEWED MATTER AS

PURE SUBSTANCES.

NOW LETS DISCOVER MATTER AS MIXTURES

MATTER

PURE SUBSTANCE MIXTURE

ELEMENT

Carbon (C)
COMPOUND

H2O
?
 Classification

Matter
Has mass and takes up space

Substance Mixture
Define composition Variable Composition

Compound Homogeneous Heterogeneous

Element
Two or more Evenly mixed Unevenly mixed
One kind of
kinds of atoms
atom
 Solution Process
A mixture is formed by two or more
elements or compounds that are physically
mixed together but not chemically joined.
example: salt and pepper
Mixture can be:

Homogeneous Heterogeneous
Evenly mixed Unevenly mixed
 Classifying mixtures
Mixture is formed by two or more elements or compounds that
are physically mixed together but not chemically joined.
example: salt and pepper

The two types of Mixtures :

1) HOMOGENEOUS 2) HETEROGENEOUS

Homogeneous Heterogeneous
Evenly mixed Unevenly mixed
 The Two Types of Mixture
1. Solution is a homogeneous mixture in which
one substances is dissolved in another
substance. It consists of a solute and solvent.
Solvent is the Solute is the
substance in which substance
the solute is dissolved in
dissolved the solution.

When sugar, a
solute and water a
solvent are mixed, a
water sugar solution
is formed.
The Two Types of Mixture (Cont.)
2. Suspension is a mixture of water with non-dissolve material
Example sand and water
• Solute is the
substance
dissolved in the
solution
– Particles may be
ions, atoms, or
molecules
• Solvent is the
substance in which
the solute is
dissolved
 Mixtures
Summary
Heterogeneous Mixture Homogeneous Mixture
(Suspension) (Solution)
Not evenly mixed Evenly mixed

Individual components retain Properties of combined

their own properties
Individual components can be
easily seen
Can be easily separated
components are usually
different than those of each
component
Individual components can not
be easily seen
Not as easily separated

Ex.: salt & pepper mix, rocks, Ex. salt-water solution, tea,
cereal, bag of assorted candy kool-Aid drink
 Solubility
Solubility is the amount of a substance that
can dissolve in 100 grams of
solvent at a given time.

• The ability of a solvent to dissolve a solute

depends on temperature and molecular structure.

• Like dissolve like:

• When the temperature of a liquid increases, The

solubility of the solvent increases.
SOLUBILITY GRAPH
Review: How matter is classified

Classifying Matter
Matter

Pure Substances Mixtures

Homogeneous Heterogeneous

Elements Compounds
Tea, kool-aid Rocky Road ice
cream, muddy
water

He, O H2O, NaCl

 Practice Problems
Determine whether each is a heterogeneous or homogeneous mixture:

1. Tossed salad 6. Tea

2. Salt water 7. Banana nut bread
3. Kool-aid 8. Pizza
4. Muddy water 9. Blood
5. OJ with pulp 10. Brass

Answers: 1. He 2. Ho 3. Ho 4. He 5. He 6. Ho 7. He 8. He 9. He 10. Ho

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More review

Classify the following substances as:

Pure substance, heterogeneous mixture, or
homogeneous mixture

Gatorade Homogenous mixture

Fruit Loops Heterogeneous mixture

Gasoline Pure substance

Dirt Heterogeneous mixture

Sugar Crystals Pure Substance
Air Homogeneous mixture
Granite Heterogeneous mixture

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 1) We are studying CHEMISTRY, the study of
________and how it ________.
2) Matter is anything that has___ and takes up
___.
3) ___ are the basic building blocks of matter.
4) Matter can be classified as either a ___ or a
___.
5) Substances are either ___ or ___.
Answers: 1. matter, changes 2. mass, space 3. atoms 4. pure substance, mixture 5. elements,
compounds

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 MATTER AS MIXTURES
Mixtures are combinations of 2 or more substances
where each substance retains its individual properties.

HOW ARE MIXTURES LIKE COMPOUNDS? THEY ARE MADE FROM TWO
OR MORE SUBSTANCES
HOW ARE MIXTURES DIFFERENT MIXTURES DO NOT FORM
FROM COMPOUNDS? CHEMICAL BONDS.
is …a mixture that is the same throughout.
A homogeneous mixture has a
composition and properties that are
identical regardless of the sample

Ways to identify a homogeneous mixture:

 one phase
 uniformly mixed
 won’t settle out
 small particles

A SOLUTION is another name for a homogeneous mixture

is … a mixture that is visibly different
throughout. Heterogenous mixtures have
a composition and properties that differ
in any given sample.

Ways to identify a heterogeneous mixture:

 not uniformly mixed

 more than one phase
 will settle out
 larger particles
 HETEROGENEOUS MIXTURES
There are special types of heterogeneous mixtures:
• Suspensions-appear uniform when mixed but settle out.
– Chocolate Quik
– Muddy water
– Pulpy oj
– Oil & Vinegar dressing

• Colloids-appear uniform but they do not settle out. However,

their particles are too large to be classified as a homogeneous
solution.
– Gelatin
– Smoke
– Fog
– mayonnaise
Now, lets put it all together and determine how
to tell substances (compounds and elements)
from mixtures.
• Pure Substances • Mixtures:
– Made of either elements or – Two or more substances mixed
compounds that are together but not chemically
chemically bonded. combined.
– Cannot be separated by • Tea = Crushed Leaf + H2O
physical means. • Rocks = minerals + sediments +
– When combined they take organic matter
on new properties different • Sugar Water = Sugar + H2O
from the original elements. – Each component retains its own
– Examples: identity; it does not change into
• Glucose: C6H12O6 something else.
• Table Salt: NaCl – Can be separated by physical
• means
Oxygen Gas: O2
•
– Examples:
Carbon Dioxide CO2
• Sweet tea
• Trail mix
• Air (O2, N2, CO2, Ar)
 Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures
a. Two types of
Two of the descriptions to the right apply to each bottle atoms evenly
below. Determine the appropriate descriptions. mixed
b. Two types of
atoms chemically
combined
c. One type of atom
oxygen atoms
hydrogen
hydrogen
atoms
d. Two types of
atoms atoms mixed
e. An element
f. A solution
g. A compound
h. A mixture
d&h
1_______ b&g
2_______ c&e
3_______ a&f
4_______

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