FDP on

“Realizing the Benefits of Academic Research”

SREE SAKTHI ENGINEERING COLLEGE

Topic: Exploring Academic Research in the field of

Information and Communication – A Rudimentary
Guidelines

Presented by
Dr.B.Ramasubramanian
Professor & Head
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering
SRM TRP Engineering College, Trichy.
Date: 15.07.2023

1
Overview

2
 Introduction
 Aim – To create a Novelty that helps the Society.
 Academic Research - Best tool for us to create a new ideas or
enhance our knowledge and facilitate learning.
 Never Ending Process.
 We should follow a systematic and appropriate methodology.
 We must FIL the needs of the students.
 F- Facilitates the learning process
 I- Identify the Problems
 L- Leads to the personal growth of students

3
 Simple Example on Sensor #001
 Sensor
 A sensor is a device that produces an output signal for the purpose of sensing a physical
phenomenon.
 In the broadest definition, a sensor is a device, module, machine, or subsystem that
detects events or changes in its environment and sends the information to other
electronics, frequently a computer processor.
 Sensors are used in everyday objects such as touch-sensitive elevator buttons (tactile
sensor) and lamps which dim or brighten by touching the base, and in innumerable
applications of which most people are never aware. With advances
in micromachinery and easy-to-use microcontroller platforms, the uses of sensors have
expanded beyond the traditional fields of temperature, pressure and flow
measurement for example into MARG sensors.
 Analog sensors such as potentiometers and force-sensing resistors are still widely used.
Their applications include manufacturing and machinery, airplanes and aerospace, cars,
medicine, robotics and many other aspects of our day-to-day life. There is a wide range
of other sensors that measure chemical and physical properties of materials, including
optical sensors for refractive index measurement, vibrational sensors for fluid viscosity
measurement, and electro-chemical sensors for monitoring pH of fluids.

4
Simple Example on Sensor #002

A sensor is a device that measures physical input from its

environment and converts it into data that can be

interpreted by either a human or a machine.

Example : Gas Sensor

Gas Detection system using

TINKERCAD

5
Thanks to Circuit by Mohammed Benzaqer
Different Stages

6
 Student/Faculty Project
 Segregates the students as batches based on their interested
domain
 Facilitate the basic skills by making them to learn certificates
courses.

 Use pedagogical initiatives while teaching in the classroom.

 Always use ICT tools or simple animated presentation.

7
 Student/Faculty Project
 Develop a Skill Development activity as a mandatory one.
 Discuss the societal problems with the students (carefully) and
discuss the different technical solutions to solve the issues.
 Optimize the solution with respect to the available resources.
 Take a module for implementation and Provide as a module as
a project to the students.
 In all Lab Courses, Include Open Ended Experiments as a
compulsory activity or fix a mini project for each batch.

8
 Student/Faculty Project
 Mentor the students – To apply for some simple project contest.
 Don’t allow your students to expose the full ideas for simple competition.
(Online fund generation/ Idea stealing activities in the name of
competition with colourful poster.)
 Present Project Ideas in Standard National level Government/Professional
bodies funded idea competitions.
 Smart India Hackathon, IEEE Contest, TNSCST, TNSI Idea Challenge, etc.,
 Immediately submit your idea presented in the competition as paper in
IEEE or Standard International Conferences with Indexing.

9
 Journal Publication
 Convert the Project work as paper
 Identify the Journals related to your field of research.
 Give Higher order preference to IEEE Transaction Journals
 IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging
 IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
 IEEE Transactions on Signal and Information Processing over Networks
 Science Direct, WoS, Elsevier, etc.,
 Try to avoid Special Issues if you are Ph.D scholar.
 Set a self target to publish minimum of one Scopus/ one SCI paper per year.
 Set a target to your final year students to publish in Scopus/Indexed
Journals.
 Check the Indexing before submitting your paper.
10
 Funded Project
 Faculty project- convert as major project and submit to Government
funding agencies.
 DST SERB
Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY)
 All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE)
 Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change
 Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO)
Ministry of New and Renewable Energy
 Department of Atomic Energy (DAE)
Ministry of Power
 Ministry of Ayush
 Department of Biotechnology (DBT) Ministry of Social Justice & Empowerment (MOSJE)
 Ministry of Coal (MOC)
Ministry of Water Resources, River Development & Ganga
 Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES)
Rejuvenation
 Department of Scientific and Industrial Research (DSIR)
 Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) Ministry of Petroleum & Natural Gas
 India Meteorological Department (IMD)
University Grants Commission (UGC)
 Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO)

11
 Industry Interaction
 Academic Research ------ Industry Expectation
 IIC – MoE Innovation Cell
 Have a periodic industry visit for the students as well as faculty members
 MoU activities- Guest lectures, Seminars, Hands-on training,etc.,
 Needed for accreditation also

12
 Products
 Try to convert the projects developed in the lab as Products to the society.
 Though Initially difficult, small electronic projects can be developed and
kept in home.
 Solar Based Mobile Charger, Bluetooth controlled Home automation,
Automatic Water Irrigation Systems, etc.,

13
 Patents & Consultancy
 Convert the projects developed as patents
 Don’t go for third party patent publication.
 Avoid Paper Patents
 Carefully register for foreign patents.
 Consultancy – Interdisciplinary research works.
 Start-up organization.
 Opportunities available - All Basic Engineering Disciplines (Civil, ECE, CSE,
Mechanical, EEE)

14
 Generic Approach
 Generic research approach in the field of Image Processing.
 How a student or a faculty should carry a research?
 Problem Identification
 General flow diagram

15
 Generic Approach

 Medical Imaging is a procedure used to study the functions

of various parts of the human body by capturing the image.
 Purpose - To diagnose or study different diseases.

 Medical Imaging is developed rapidly due to the

development of image processing techniques.

09/12/23 16
 Image Processing

• Image processing is a method to perform some operations

on an image.
• Image – Two Dimensional Matrix – Pixels.
• In order to get an enhanced image or to extract some useful
information from it.
• It is a type of signal processing in which input is an image
and output may be image or characteristics/features
associated with that image.
• Nowadays, image processing is among rapidly growing
technologies.

09/12/23 17
 Traditional Method

• Patients are analyzed by visual evaluation of the gray level

images on radiological film.
• Film are used by the Physicians for identifying the disease.

• Anatomical structures looks very different from the 3D

appearance.
• Specialized training are required by the Physicians.

• Now-a-days, it is changed into digital imaging.

09/12/23 18
 Imaging Modalities

• Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

• Ultrasound Images

• Angiography Images

• Computed tomography (CT) Images.

• Fundus Images

09/12/23 19
 Medical Image Processing

PRE-
Medical Images FEATURE
PROCESSING SEGMENTATION
EXTRACTION

EXUDATES
NORMAL

CLASSIFICATION

ABNORMAL

09/12/23 SRM TRP ENGINEERING COLLEGE 20

 Different Diseases

• Diabetic Retinopathy
• Brain Tumour Detection
• Nail Image Processing
• Lung Cancer Detection
• Mammogram Image Processing
• Skin Disease Detection
• Liver Cancer detection
• Blood Disease Identification
• Neuropathy Assessment
• Parkinson Disease Identification

09/12/23 21
 Specific Approach

 Developing countries have been faced with a lot of society

related diseases.
 One among them is Diabetes.

 World Health Organization (WHO)

 135 million people have diabetes and it is expected that this

count will increase to 366 million by the year of 2030.

09/12/23 22
2018

WHO (World Health Organization)

reported that nearly 135 million people
around the world have diabetes
mellitus.

This population count is expected to

reach 400 million by the end of 2030.

It is also found that it is the main cause

of vision loss for the diabetic patients.

23
09/12/23 SRM TRP ENGINEERING COLLEGE 24
 Objectives

 To detect the presence of Diabetic Retinopathy, Maculopathy

and Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP) using a portable and
affordable device.
 To recommend the nearby best Ophthalmologist/Hospital
based on the severity of the disease.
 To design an efficient system that can detect 11 different
behavioral changes in the retina.

25
 Related Works
Academic
Database IEEE Xp SD GS Scopus Springer
Elsevier WoS

Query
using Query 1 Query 2 Query 3 Query 4 Query 5
Keywords

Year 2015-2021 Year 2015-2021 Year 2015-2021 Year 2015-2021 Year 2015-2021

Filters
Conferences & Conferences & Conferences & Conferences & Conferences &
Journals Journals Journals Journals Journals

Removal of Duplicate articles

N=80

Quality Assessment
N=240

26
 Related Works
Authors Year Dataset Method Measurement of
algorithm effectivity
Yi Zhou et al 2021 Local Transfer Learning- CNN ACC = 0.8945
Hospital
Mohammad A et al 2021 DRIVE, Scale Normalized LoG Detector Acc = 0.952,0.951, 0.952
STARE, SE = 0.785,0.788,0.787
CHASE_DB1 SP = 0.967,0.966,0.968
Erick et al 2020 DRIVE Region Growing and Machine ACC= 0.9827
Learning
Kubicek et al 2019 RetCam Calculation of curvature based on Not Specified
vessel gradient at each point
Jiang et al 2019 DRIVE, Multiscale CNN ACC= 0.9709,0.9781,0.9721
STARE, SE=0.7839,0.8249,0.78
CHASE SP=0.9890,0.9904,0.9894
Soomro et al 2018 DRIVE, CNN ACC= 0.95
STARE SE=0.74
SP=0.96
Hajabdollahi et al 2018 STARE Low Complexity CNN ACC= 0.96
SE=0.78
SP=0.98

27
 Related Works
Authors Year Dataset Method Measurement
of algorithm
effectivity
Chudzik et al 2018 DRIVE CNN SE=0.79, 0.83
STARE SP=0.97, 0.98
J. Y. Choi et al 2017 DRIVE CNN ACC= 0.98
SE=0.968
SP=0.87
D. S. W. Ting et al 2017 STARE CNN ACC= 0.903
SE=0.803
SP=0.855
M. D. Abràmoff et al 2016 STARE CNN- AlexNet ACC= 0.98
SE=0.968
SP=0.87
Roychoudhury et al 2016 DRIVE Vessel extraction using Machine ACC= 0.9520
Learning Classification algorithm SE=0.7250
SP=0.9830
Azzopardi et al 2015 DRIVE Vessel Delineation ACC= 0.9442
SE=0.7655
SP=0.9704

28
 Technical Novelty
 11 different clinical symptoms in the retina will be detected
 Hybrid deep learning neural network consisting of VGG16, SPP
(Spatial Pyramid Pooling) layer, and NiN (Network-in-Network)
layer.
 Based on the Artificial Intelligence (AI) based recommendation
system, the best eyecare center is selected and the information
about the patient is transmitted to the center.
 Real time data will be collected from SRM hospital, existing
inside the campus.

29
 Proposed Methodology

Image Acquisition Preprocessing

using camera and (Resizing and Noise removal)
lens
Detection of 11 Clinical symptoms

Classification of stages of the disease using Deep

Learning

Mild Moderate Severe

Eye Care Identification System using GPS

AI based recommendation of Best Hospital

30
 Proposed Methodology
 Capturing of fundus images using smartphone camera and lens.
 The captured input image is resized to a fixed size.
 Once the image is resized, the noise present in the images is removed by applying
the appropriate filtering techniques.
 In the next stage, the preprocessed images are used to detect the 11 different
clinical symptoms in the retina
 Soft exudates, microaneurysms, haemorrhages, cotton woolspots, macula, new
abnormal vessels, fovea, vitreous haemorrhages, preretinal haemorrhages, retinal
detachment and macular odema.
 Images are classified using hybrid deep learning neural network consisting of
VGG16, SPP (Spatial Pyramid Pooling) layer, and NiN (Network-in-Network) layer.

31
 Proposed Methodology
 The patients with severe stage of the disease are isolated and the location of the
different eye care center nearer to the patient are identified using the GPS module.
 Based on the Artificial Intelligence (AI) based recommendation system, the best
eyecare center is selected and the information about the patient is transmitted to
the center.
 Ophthalmologist at the eye care center will analyze and recommend for the
immediate solution through the video conferencing method available in the device.
 Performance parameters such as accuracy, response time, sensitivity, specificity,
Receiver Operating Curve (ROC), Cost are measured and it will be compared and
proved better than the existing systems.
 The proposed AI based system will help for the mass screening of patients in rural
areas at less time with more accuracy.

32
 Deliverables

 Implementation of affordable bio-medical device for societal

application.
 Screening of patients in remote places where adequate medical
facilities are not available.
 Recommendation of the nearby best Ophthalmologist/Hospital.
 Innovative handheld device for DR treatment.

33
 Time Schedule
Year Year-1 Year-2 Year - 3
Activity / Month 1 to 3 4 to 6 7 to 9 10 to 12 1 to 3 4 to 6 7 to 9 10 to 12 1 to 3 4 to 6 7 to 9 10 to 12
Procurement of sensors and
hardware modules
Assembiling and Installation of
required Software
Data Collection of Medical
Images
Data Collection of Best
Ophthalmologist/Hospital
Training of the Proposed
System
Testing of the Proposed system
with different images
Development of GPS
Recommendation system
Linking the Testing Output with
GPS Tracking
Analysis of Healthcare
monitoring system
Final product demonstration
and validation
Preparation of Project reports

Applying for the patent

34
Some Useful Tools

35
Some Useful Tools

36
 SRM TRP ENGINEERING COLLEGE
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering

37
 SRM TRP ENGINEERING COLLEGE
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering

THANK YOU

38