NURSING INFORMATICS

FRANCIS C. MACALINAO LPT, MEM

NURSING INFORMATICS (NI)

Has been traditionally defined as a specialty that

integrates the nursing science, computer science and
information science to manage and communicate data,
information, knowledge, and wisdom in nursing practice.
CONSIDER THE FOLLOWING SITUATION:
NURSING SCIENCE

Nursing Science

Information Science

Computer Science
NURSES
Nurses are knowledge workers, working with and generating
information and knowledge as a product.
Knowledge Acquirers
Knowledge Users
Knowledge Engineers
Knowledge Managers
Knowledge developers and generators
 KNOWLEDGE WORKER KNOWLEDGE ENHANCEMENT
PROCESS

According to McGrowan et al this model is the process

whereby knowledge workers actively seek, apply, embed
and share newly acquired knowledge with others.
Recently, “learning worker” one who has the ability to
learn quickly and continuously ( Salisbury), -healthcare
organizations transition to learning organizations.
NATURE OF KNOWLEDGE

 Explicit Knowledge – is that one that convey in letters, words and

numbers. It can be exchanged or shared in the form of data, manuals,
product specification, principles, policies, and theories. A nursing model
or theory that is well developed and easily explained and understood is
the example of this.
 Tacit knowledge – individualized and highly personal, or private,
including ones values or emotions. Knowing intuitively when and how to
care is an example of this. It is difficult to convey, transmit or share with
others because its consists of one’s own insights; perceptions; intuitions;
sense or gut feeling. It reflects skills and beliefs.
NURSE AS A KNOWLEDGE WORKER

 First coined by Peter Drucker in his book Landmarks of Tomorrow

 Knowledge work is defined as nonrepetitive, nonroutine work that
entails a significant amount of cognitive activity.
 Knowledge worker, one who has advanced formal education and is
able to apply theoretical and analytical knowledge. Must be a
continuous learner and a specialist in a field.
CHARACTERISTICS OF KNOWLEDGE WORKER

 Knowledge Consumers – mainly users of knowledge who do not have the

expertise to provide the knowledge they need for themselves. (Novice
nurses)
 Knowledge Brokers – know where to find information and knowledge;
they generate some knowledge but are mainly known for their ability to
find what is needed.
 Knowledge Generators – the primary sources of new knowledge. They
are able to answer questions, craft theories, find solutions to nursing
problems and innovate as part of their practice.
ACCORDING TO DIXON
Knowledge workers need to acquire new knowledge every 4 to
5 years or else they become obsolete.
Knowledge work is invisible, interdependent, and constantly
changing
Knowledge workers view their knowledge as their personal
possession. The knowledge they posses is in their minds so
when they leave the organization, the means of production
leaves with them.
GETTING TO WISDOM
 Wisdom is the application of knowledge to an appropriate situation.
 Wisdom uses knowledge and experience to heighten common sense and insight
to exercise sound judgement in practical matters.
 It is developed through knowledge, experience, insight, and reflections.
 Thought of as the highest form of common sense, the result of accumulated
knowledge, erudition, or enlightenment.
 Ability to apply valuable and viable knowledge, experience, understanding and
insights.
 Knowledge and wisdom are not synonymous
 Foundation of art of nursing
 Information Science
Information Information
System

INTRODUCTION
TYPES OF DATA

Alphabetic – letters, numeric, data refers to numbers, alphanumeric

Numeric - numbers
Audio- sounds, noises, or tones,
Image – graphic, pictures
Video – animations, moving pictures, moving graphics
(Integrity of data and quality of data , rather than the form are what
matters)
DATA INTEGRITY
 Integrity – refers to the whole ,
complete, correct and consistent
data.
 Data Integrity – can be
compromised through human
error; viruses; worms; or other
computer bugs; hardware
failures or crashes; transmission
errors; or hackers entering the
system.
THREATS TO DATA INTEGRITY
CHARACTERISTICS OF VALUABLE, QUALITY INFORMATION

 Accessibility –
 Timely Information
 Complete Information
 Reliable Information
 Transparency
 Verifiable information
 Reproducibility
INFORMATION SCIENCE

Science of information, studying the application and usage of

information and knowledge in organizations and the interface
or interaction between people, organizations and ISs.
Primarily concerned with the input, processing, output and
feedback of data and information through technology
integration with a focus on comprehending the perspective of
the stakeholders and applying IT as needed.
INFORMATION PROCESSING

Enable the processing of information, which links people

and technology.
Knowledge represents five rights: the right information,
accessible by the right people in the right settings applied
the right way and the right time.
INFORMATION SYSTEMS

Combination of computer hardware, software,

telecommunications, network, users, and procedures.
A collection of interconnected elements that gather,
process, store and distribute data and information while
providing a feedback structure to meet an objective.
COMPUTER AS A TOOL MANAGING INFORMATION
AND GENERATING KNOWLEDGE

Is an electronic information-processing machine that

serves as a tool with which to manipulate data and
information.
Universal machines because they are general purpose,
symbol manipulating devices that can perform any task
represented in specific programs.
 COMPONENTS

Hardware – actual physical body of the computer

Casing – outer case
CPU – brain off the computer
Mother Board – CNS of the computer, facilitate the
communications among all the computer components
 COMPONENTS
Power Supply – provide the electricity needed for the
computer to operate.
Hard Disk – permanent data storage
RAM – volatile memory, temporary storage system
DRAM- (dynamic) attached to the processors using
specific address and data buses.
 COMPONENTS

SDRAM- (synchronous dynamic) protects & stores each bit

of data in a memory cell that consist of a tiny capacitors and
transistors.
DDR SDRAM – (double data rate) allows greater bandwidth
and twice the transfer rate
ROM – permanent, semipermanent nonvolatile memory that
stores saved data (OS) (PROM;EEPROM;flash memory)
 COMPONENTS
Basic Input/Output System (BIOS) – used by computer
when t first boots up. (Firmware) initializes the hardware
and boot.
Virtual Memory – stored on the hard disk to provide
temporary data storage that can be swapped in & out of the
RAM.
Integrated Drive Electronics Controller- IDE – primary
interface for hard drive, CD-ROM, DVD, Floppy disk
 COMPONENTS
Peripheral Component Interconnection Bus – PCI –
additional plug-ins
Small Computer System Interface- SCSI – attach
additional devices such as scanners, etc.
DVD/CD Drive – CD-R; CD-RW; DVD-R; DVD-RW
Flash or USB Flash Drive – portable, removeable,
rewriteable
 COMPONENTS
Modem – component that can be external or internal that is used to
connect to the internet vi a cable connection
Connection Ports
Parallel Port – connects to a printer
Serial Port – Connect to external modem
USB – plug and play devices
FireWire-use to connect digital video devices to a computer
Ethernet – connects an networking apparatus
 COMPONENTS
Graphic Card –process image data and output it to the monitor
Video Adapter Cards – high quality video images to monitor
Sound Card – digital data into analog signal which is then
output to the computers speaker or headphone.
Bit – smallest data memory
Byte – memory that consist of 8 bits, indicate the computer or
storage memory.
 COMPONENTS

Software – application programs developed to facilitate

various user functions.
OS software; productivity software; creativity software;
communication software.
Commercial Software vs Open Source Software
OS Software
 COMPONENTS
OS Software manages both hardware and software.
Can be described in terms of
a. Memory management
b. Device management
c. Processor management
d. Storage Management
e. Application Interface
f. GUI
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