Sampling techniques

Probability/random sampling
• Simple random sampling
(a)Lottery method
(b)Table of random numbers
• Stratified sampling
• Systematic sampling
• Cluster (area) sampling
Non-probability /non random sampling
• Convenience/chunk sampling
• Judgment/purposive sampling
• Quota sampling
• Snowball /reference sampling
How should we choose the respondents
• Probability/random sampling techniques
Every member of the population has equal chance of being selected.it is mainly used
in quantitative research.

• Non- probability/non –random sampling

techniques
Not all members of the population have an equal chance of participating in the study.
Probability sampling techniques
(A) Simple random sampling: every member of the population has an
equal chance of being selection. Under this method, sampling frame should
include the whole population.
For example:- (i) Lottery method
(ii) tables of random number –tippet ‘s table having 41,600 figures
(B) Stratified Random sampling: the population is divided into mutually exclusive
groups and random samples are drawn from each group .Usually it is used when
population is heterogeneous nature. Divide the population into subgroups (called
strata) based on the relevant characteristics(e.g. gender,age,job,income etc.)
 (C) Systematic sampling:
The entire population is arranged in a particular order ,ascending or
decending.then,every Nth unit is being selected
For example.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
(D) Cluster sampling: it is a technique in which the population is
divided into already existing groups(clusters). Then a sample is
chosen in random manner from the cluster.
For example, researcher can use schools as their groups, instead of
randomly selecting students from scattered schools, they can use all
students from the schools they randomly select.
 Non- probability techniques
(A) Convenience sampling: under this method, units are selected for
inclusion in the sample because they are the easiest for the researcher to
access. This can be due to geographic proximity, availability at a given
time or willingness to participate in the research.
For example, to collect your data, you stand at a bus stand…..
(B) Judgment /purposive sampling: the researcher selects population
members who are good prospects for accurate information. Researcher
using their expertise to select a sample.
For example, if the researcher wants to explore the attitudes,opinions,or
preferences of a specific group of customers.
(C) Quota sampling: a very tailored sample data is collected from
a homogeneous group .
For example,50% male and 50% female
(D)Snowball sampling:researcher call it snowball
sampling because if the initial participant recruits two
more,and those two recruits each bring in two more and so on
,the number of participants can grow exponentially like a
rolling snowball.