INSTRUCTIONAL

PROCESSESS

Prepared by :
Instruction and learning processes are
defined as the interactions between the
learners and teachers
Instruction is planned according to the curricula,
based on needs identified through assessment, and
made possible through training of teachers.
Learner-centered
Participatory learning
and inclusive instruction and learning processes
involve the larger community in providing and
supporting education.
The teaching /Learning activity can be
considered as a process, called The
Instructional Process
Instructional process starts with the definition of what
the learners should know and finishes with the evaluation
of what the learners actually know.
To support teachers in the process, the following are the basic
steps of The Instructional procedure:
Step 1: Analysis
Developing learning goals:
• Identifying instructional goals, i.e. targets to
be reached by learners.
Step 1: Analysis
Developing learning goals:
• Defining specific learning objectives
Understanding learners:
Analyzing learners and gathering as much
information as we can on their abilities, needs and
backgrounds.
Understanding learners:
Analyzing learners and gathering as much
information as we can on their abilities, needs and
backgrounds.
Understanding learners:
Analyzing learners and gathering as much
information as we can on their abilities, needs and
backgrounds.
Step 2: Design
Developing Learning Objectives
Designing Outcomes
Step 2: Design
Developing Learning Objectives
Designing Outcomes
Step 3: Develop
Facilitate Learning:
Classroom Logistics
 Create, assemble, and review instructional material
available to students
Step 3: Develop
Facilitate Learning:
Classroom Logistics
 Create interactive lessons, teaching/learning activities
Step 3: Develop
Facilitate Learning:
Classroom Logistics
 Create evaluation activities
Step 3: Develop
Facilitate Learning:
Classroom Logistics
 Promote digital literacy and the use of digital tools
Step 3: Develop
Facilitate Learning:
Classroom Logistics
 Arrange the physical layout of the classroom to suit the
instructional procedure adopted (pairs, group work,
presentations, activities, games …etc.)
Step 3: Develop
Facilitate Learning:
Classroom Logistics
 Have students work in teams to communicate and
collaborate
Step 3: Develop
Facilitate Learning:
Classroom Logistics
 Have students set their own ground rules and
expectations to demonstrate ownership and
commitment.
Step 4: Implement
Putting the lesson planned for into practice
Step 5: Evaluation
Self-evaluation
Step 5: Evaluation
Student Reflection and feedback:
Periodically checking in with the students helps
build class solidarity and communication.
Step 5: Evaluation
Student Learning
Step 6: Revision
To improve the learning performance if
the results of students are not
satisfactory, the revision step introduces
some corrections in order to improve the
overall performance of the instructional
process by:
Revising instructional analysis
Revising the objectives
Revising the methods of
instruction
Revising the methods of
instruction
Robert Gagne detailed a nine-
step instructional process that
many teachers, trainers, and
instructional designers still use
today when creating their learning
events (1965).
1. Gain Attention – In the
beginning of any training
course, it is helpful to
present a new problem or
scenario to pique the
interest of the audience
and to grab their attention.
2. Describe the Objective – After
you have gained the attention of
the learners, you need to inform
them about what they will be able
to accomplish, and how they will
use the new knowledge they are
about to gain.
3. Stimulate Recall of Prior
Knowledge – Remind the
learners of related
information or knowledge
that they already have to
help them build on
previously gained
knowledge and skills.
4. Present the Material – Once
items one through three have
been established, you can
present the material. Use
various methods, like text,
videos, images, sounds, and
simulations.
5. Provide Learner
Guidance – Provide
guidance strategies like
examples, case studies,
apologies, and mnemonic
devices to help learners
store the new information
in their long-term memories
6. Elicit Performance
(Practice) – Allow the
learner to practice the new
skill or behavior they are
learning. This provides an
opportunity for learners to
confirm their understanding,
and even to fail in a safe
environment.
7. Feedback – Provide
learners with specific and
immediate feedback when
they are practicing the new
skill or behavior they have
learned.
8. Assess Performance –
After ample practice has
been given, test the learners
to determine if the lesson
has indeed been learned
9. Enhance Retention &
Transfer – Provide the
learners with additional
practice and materials (job
aids, quick reference guides,
additional tests) so that they
may review the material on
their own time at a later
date.
 REFERENCES
•https://ahs.edu.lb/instructional-process/
•https://images.app.goo.gl/VryQ6DhgAVgcFZAo7
•https://inee.org/eie-glossary/instruction-and-learning-processes
•https://tiescenter.org/inclusive-instruction/overview
•https://images.app.goo.gl/YnWRai1vkrVzDDdq6
•https://images.app.goo.gl/YzAqNAB4wHGngDFF7
•https://images.app.goo.gl/s5DmCMoZeapBEmtm6
•https://www.learndash.com/9-step-instructional-process-that-just-works/