GERUN

D
group 8 level 1A
NAME
MEMBER
:
1. Murti Dhita Purwita
NIM : PO7124123010

2. Annisa Risky Fadila

NIM : PO7124123008
 WHAT IS MEANT
BY GERUND?
Gerund is a verb that has a function as a
noun. The point is, the verb-ing that we are
familiar with, such as "riding", "eating",
"writing" and so on becomes something that
can function as the subject and object of a
sentence.

The form of the gerund is VERB1 + ING

 1. As Subject

(S (gerund) + V + O)

Example:
hobby. Reading a book is my

2. As an object

GERUND (S + V + O (gerund)

Example: I like readin

FUNCTIONS 3. As a complement

AND Example:
the field. His job is working in

EXAMPLES
4. Follows
prepositions/prepositions

Prepositions : (in, on, at,after,

of, for,
from, by, with, without,

before)

Example sentences:
at speaking Engl She is good

ish.
5. Possessive pronoun + gerund

Description: Possessive Pronouns, such as: my, his, her,

their, your, our, John 's.

Example: I don't mind his smoking here.

6. Follows prepositional objects

The following 'to' prepositions are followed by a gerund:

– to be used to: used to

– to be accustomed to: accustomed to
– object to: object
– look forward to: waiting/ eager
– to take to: happy
– confess to: confess

Special note:
What is the difference between "used to" and "to be used to"?

The answer is:

used to + V1 : past habit.
to be used to + gerund : custom until now.

Example :
I used to play soccer. (now not anymore)
I am used to playing soccer. (until now still done)
7. Forming noun phrases

Ving + Noun

Example: swimming pool (pool for swimming), walking sick (stick for walking). 8. Following a

certain verb

(a certain V + gerund)

Description: certain
admit, appreciate, verbs followed
anicipate, byconsider,
coninue, the gerund : avoid, detest, delay,
deny,

enjoy, escape, excuse,

quit, inish,
forgive, fancy, imagine, keep, mind, postpone,
practice, prevent, risk, resist, suggest.

Example
He enjoys: smoking.

I avoid answering my question.

9. Verbs that can be followed by V-ing or to V1

a. There is no difference in meaning:

advise, begin, continue, dislike, dread, hate, intend, like, love, prefer, propose, start.

b. There are different meanings:

S+forget/remember/stop/regret+ Ving : the job has been done

S+forget/remember/stop/regret + to V1 : the job has not been done

Example :
• I forgot giving her a letter. (I forgot to give)
• I forgot to give her a letter. (I forgot not to give)
• I stop smoking. (I quit smoking habit)
• I stop smoking. (quitting from doing a job to smoke)
Quiz

1. Some people enjoy .... a soccer match on TV, didn't they?

a. to watch
b. watching
c. being watched
d. be watching
e. watch

2. My father considers .... regularly after knowing that he gets diabetes.

a. doing sport
b. to do sport
c. for doing sport
d. to doing sport
e. sport

3. Dino : "What are your sister's hobbies? Dion : "planting orchid and ....
a. other rare flower
b. to collect antique bottles
c. collecting old vases
d.adeniums
e. collecting
 4. Is Franda responsible .... in the following competition?
a. of organizing children
b. organizing children
c. to organize children
d. for organizing children
e. organize

5. What are these ratans for?

a. making toys
b. to make toys
c. make toys
d. being made toys
e. toys

6. Which of the following is not gerund?

a. Rio can't stand on the table changing a broken lamp.
b. Nicholas is ashamed of not earning money for his life.
c. Lili's father disapproves of her marrying her poor darling
d. Who has fined Jonas for coming very late to the meeting.
 7. What are children scared?
a. being left by their mother
b. of sleepng in a dark room
c. to not being with their mother d. being alone at home
e. sleeping

8. Erina doesn't mind helping but she doesn't like ....

a. to criticize
b. be criticized
c. criticizing
d. being criticized
e. criticized
 9. Who is sick of .... to undergo life?
a. driving
b. be driving
c. being driven
d. to drive
e. drive

10. We must prevent children .... on-line games so frequently.

a. playing
b. to play
c. from playing
d. of playing
e. played
 Answer key
1. b. watching (Verb + Gerund)
2. a. doing sport (Verb + Gerund)
3. c. collecting old vases (Verb + Gerund)
4. d. for organizing children (responsible + for)
5. d. being made toys (Passive Gerund)
6. a. Rio can't stand on the table changing a broken lamp. (can’t stand + gerund = tidak tahan)
7. b. of sleepng in a dark room (scared + of)
8. d. being criticized (Passive Gerund)
9. a. driving (sick of + gerund)
10. c. from playing (prevent + from)
Thank you