Lesson 1.

The
Circulatory
System
Circulatory System
• The major system responsible for the
distribution and pumping of the blood. It
carries blood through a series of blood
vessels throughout the body.

• The components of the circulatory system:

• blood,
• the blood vessels,
• and the heart.
Blood
Blood is responsible for transporting materials
and for immune defense.
- it maintains the body’s stable internal
environment and transport important
chemicals.
An average person has four to six liters of
blood.
Composition of Blood

The major components of

blood can be divided into the
extracellular fluid and the
formed elements.
 Extracellular Fluid
Plasma
Plasma is the fluid part of blood.
- a light yellow liquid that carries
water, salts and enzymes.
- It holds the blood cells in
suspension and makes up 55% of
the blood’s volume.
 Formed Elements
a. Red Blood Cells/Erythrocytes
- It is the most abundant cells in the blood.
- Nearly 40% of the blood's volume is RBC.
- It takes oxygen in the lungs and deliver it to
the tissues and transports carbon dioxide to
the lungs.
- Red color is because of hemoglobin.
Hemoglobin contains protein rich in iron
Formed Elements
b. White Blood Cells/Leukocytes
Immunity cells involved in protecting the
body against infectious agents and foreign
bodies.
-They flow through your bloodstream to
fight viruses, bacteria, and other foreign
invaders that threaten your health.
Types of White Blood Cells
• Neutrophils
• Basophils
• Eosinophils
• Lymphocytes
• Monocytes
Types of White Blood Cells
a. Neutrophils respond to
bacterial and fungal infections.

b. Basophils aid in allergic

reaction. -Release enzymes to
improve blood flow and prevent
blood clots
Types of White Blood Cells
c. Eosinophils help in controlling parasitic
infection, allergic reaction or cancer.

d. Lymphocytes are for viral infection and

adaptive immunity.

There are two main types : B Cells and T Cells.

B Cells -produce antibodies
T cells -destroy infected cells.
Types of White Blood Cells
e. Monocytes reside in your
blood and tissues to find and
destroy germs (viruses, bacteria,
fungi and protozoa) and eliminate
infected cells.
Platelets

• Help in clotting of blood to stop

bleeding.
• Smallest cell in the body

• Aggregates on the injured portion

of the blood vessel.
 The Heart
• The heart is composed of strong cardiac
muscle tissues that continuously contract and
relax to pump blood all throughout the body
• It is located near the center of the chest.
• Main function is to pump blood
• The hearts contracts about 72 times a minute
pumping about 70 millilitres of the blood with
each contraction
The Heart
• It has four major
chambers: two atria and
two ventricles.
- These chambers highly
coordinate in pumping
blood that must deliver
O2 to the tissues and
take CO2 for disposal. Heart
The right atrium receives oxygen-poor blood
from the body and pumps it to the right
ventricle.
The right ventricle pumps the oxygen-poor
blood to the lungs.
The left atrium receives oxygen-rich blood
from the lungs and pumps it to the left
ventricle.
The left ventricle pumps the oxygen-rich blood
to the body.
Types of Blood Vessels

Types of blood vessels

Blood Vessels
• Channels that carry blood throughout your
body.
• They form a closed loop, like a circuit, that
begins and ends at your heart. Together,
the heart vessels and blood vessels form
your circulatory system. Your body
contains about 60,000 miles of blood
vessels
Types of Blood Vessels
•Arteries
•Veins
•Capillaries
Types of Blood Vessels

a. Arteries - deliver oxygen-rich

blood to the cells, away from the
heart.
• It is elastic and tough enough to
withstand the contraction of the
heart muscle.
• The largest artery is called Aorta
Types of Blood Vessels

b. Veins - return oxygen-poor blood

from the cells back to the heart.
• carry deoxygenated blood from the
body to the heart, where it can be
sent to the lungs.
• Two largest Veins : Superior Vena
Cava and Inferior Vena cava
Types of Blood Vessels
• Capillaries are small blood vessels that
connect arteries and veins.

• These can penetrate the inner portion of

different organs and facilitate the
transfer of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and
dissolved substances in and out of your
blood.
CIRCULATORY SYSTEM DIAGRAM
 The circulatory system transports nutrients, gases,
1 and molecules to and from the different parts of the
body.

The circulatory system of the human body is

2 composed of blood, the blood vessels, and the heart.
2
The blood is composed of the plasma, red blood
3 cells, white blood cells, and platelets.
 Three basic types of blood vessels are the arteries,
4 veins, and capillaries.

2 The heart plays a vital role in pumping blood

5 throughout the body.

2
Label the parts of the heart.