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Organic Chemistry
Organic Chemistry
CHEMISTRY
Chemistry
Inorganic chemistry, deals primarily on substances that do not contain carbon and usually, these
substances are from non-living things.
Analytical chemistry is concerned with the identification and determination of the amount of the
components in a sample or the relative composition of substances.
Physical chemistry is concerned with theories that describe the behavior of matter and its chemical
transformation.
The metric system is a system of measurement that uses the meter, liter, and gram
as base units of length (distance), capacity (volume), and weight (mass) respectively.
To measure smaller or larger quantities, we use units derived from the metric units.
The metric system uses units such as meter, liter, and gram to measure length,
liquid volume, and mass, just as the U.S. customary system uses feet, quarts, and
ounces to measure these.
In addition to the difference in the basic units, the metric system is based on 10s, and
different measures for length include kilometer, meter, decimeter, centimeter, and
millimeter. Notice that the word “meter” is part of all of these units.
Length, Mass, and Volume
Prefixes of metric system
The names of metric units are formed by adding a prefix
to the basic unit of measurement. To tell how large or
small a unit is, you look at the prefix. To tell whether the
unit is measuring length, mass, or volume, you look at the
base.
Conversion
Conversion of units
Volume Unit Conversion
1 milliliter 0.001 liter
1 centiliter 0.01 liter
1 deciliter 0.1 liter
1 decaliter 10 liters
1 hectoliter 100 liters
1 kiloliter 1000 liters
1 cubic inch 1.639 × 10 – 2 liters
1 gallon 3.785 liters
1 cubic foot 28.316 liters
Length Unit Conversion
1 millimeter 0.001 meter
1 centimeter 0.01 meter
1 decimeter 0.1 meter
1 decameter 10 meters
1 hectometer 100 meters
1 kilometer 1000 meters
1 inch 2.54 × 10−2 meters
1 foot 0.3048 meters
1 angstrom 1 x 10-10 meters
1 fermi 1 x 10-15 meters
1 light year 0.946 × 1016 meters
1 mile 1.609344 kms
Mass Conversion
1 milligram 0.001 gram
1 centigram 0.01 gram
1 decigram 0.1 gram
1 decagram 10 gram
1 hectogram 100 gram
1 kilogram 1000 grams
1 stone 6350.29 grams
1 pound 453.592 grams
1 ounce 28.3495 grams
Time Unit Conversion
1 minute 60 seconds
60 minutes / 3600
1 hour
seconds
1 day 24 hours
1 week 7 days
1 year 365 days
Energy Unit Conversion
1 BTU (British thermal
1055 Joule
unit)
1 erg 1×10−7 Joule
1 foot-pound 1.356 Joule
1 calorie 4.186 Joule
1 kilowatt-hour 3.6×106 Joule
1 electron volt 1.602×10−19 Joule
1 liter atmosphere 101.13 Joule
Area Unit Conversion
6.4516 x 10-4 square
1 sq. inch
meter
9.2903 x 10-2 square
1 sq. foot
meter
4.0468 x 103 square
1 acre
meter
1 hectare 1 x 104 square meter
2.5888 x 106 square
1 sq. mile
meter
1 barn 1 x 10-28 square meter
Power Unit Conversion
1 erg/sec 1 x 10-5 watt
1 BTU/hr 0.2930 watt
1 foot-pound/ sec 1.356 watt
1 horsepower 745.7 watt
1 calorie/ sec 4.186 watt
Force Unit Conversion
Divide the ppm amount by 1,000,000 and multiply by 100 to get %. e.g. :
4. If a number is greater than 1, then all zeros written to the right of the
decimal point count as significant figures. Thus, 2.0 mg has two
significant figures. If a number is less than 1, then only the zeros that
are at the end of the number and the zeros that are between nonzero
digits are significant. Thus, 0.090 kg has two significant figures.
5. For numbers that do not contain decimal points, the trailing zeros
(that is, zero after the last nonzero digit) may or may not be
significant. Thus, 400 cm may have one significant figure (the
number 4), two significant figures (40) or three significant figures
(400).
Exercise