Mine Drainage

PUMPS and PUMPING

SYSTES
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 Principles and Definitions
Mine drainage system contains such items as Sumps,
Suction Pips, Pumps, Discharge Pipes, and appropriate
fittings such as Valves and ellls, See Fig.1, to move water
from a point in the mine to the surface.
Energy is introduced into the system via a Pump to
overcome the following total dynamic water heads (H):
1)Total dynamic suction lift which is comprised of two
factors: Vertical distance of the pump above liquid (Static
Suction Lift), and frictional resistance in the Suction pipe;

2)Total Dynamic Discharge head which may comprise

these three factors: Vertical distance of discharge above
pump (Static Discharge Head), frictional resistance in the
discharge pipe and pressure at the end of discharge line
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 H = Hs + Hf +Hsh + Hv
• H = total dynamic head
• Hs = is the vertical distance in feet from the suction liquid level
to the discharge liquid level (total static head)
• Hf = is the equivalent head, expressed as feet of liquid,
required to overcome the friction caused by the flow through
the pipe (friction head)
• Hsh = is the head, in feet required to overcome the shock losses
due to changes of water flow produced by fittings
• Hv = is the head, in feet required to create velocity of flow
(velocity head)–
Note: in most cases, this value is negligible and is often ignored

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•The vertical height
difference from
surface of water
source to discharge
point is termed as
total static head Static Discharge Head

Suction Line

Pump
Discharge Line

Static Suction Lift

Sump
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•The vertical height difference
from surface of water source to
centerline of impeller is termed
as static suction head or suction
lift ('suction lift' can also mean
total suction head).

Suction Line

Pump

Discharge Line

Static Suction Lift

Sump
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 The vertical height difference
from centerline of impeller to
discharge point is termed as
static discharge head.

Static Discharge Head

Suction Line

Pump

Discharge Line

Sump
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 FRICTION LOSS
The amount of
pressure / head
required to 'force'
liquid through pipe and
fittings.

Pressure
Gauge
Suction Line

Pump

Discharge Line

Sump
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 Frictional Head
• Is usually expressed by the following equation
based upon upon the number of 100-ft lengths of
pipe in the system:

Hf = 0.2083 (100/C)1.85[ (q1.85) ]

(d4.8655)
– Where C is a constant, usually 100, accounting for
surface roughness;
– q is the flow in gallons per minute;
– d is the inside diameter of the pipe in inches.

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Equivalent Number of Feet of Staight
Pipe for Different Fittings

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Friction Loss in Feet for Old Pipe (C = 100)

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Velocity Head is the
velocity head of liquid
moving at a given velocity
in the equivalent head
through which it would have
to fall to acquire the same
velocity.

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 Velocity Head
• Hv is the velocity head of liquid moving at a
given velocity in the equivalent head through
which it would have to fall to acquire the same
velocity.
• Hv = V2
2g
• Hv is velocity head in feet;
• V is velocity of water in feet per second;
• G is acceleration due to gravity, in feet per
sec2.
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 Problem 1:
• If atmospheric pressure pushes mine
water up a suction line due to the
vacuum created by a pump, is there a
limitation as to the maximum length of
suction line? If so, what is the value?

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 Solution Problem 1:
• At sea level, atmospheric pressure is equal to 14.7
psi. If a perfect vacuum were to be created in a
suction line, atmospheric pressure could push a 1-
in. column of water to a height of:
• Pressure = weight of water column
• Divide atmospheric pressure at sea level by 0.0361
lb/in3 (the weight of one cubic inch of water) to
obtain the theoretical suction lift.

• 14.7 (lb/in2) / 0.0361 (lb/in3) = 407.20 (inches)

407.20 (inches) / 12 (inches per foot) = 33.9 (ft)

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Theoretical Suction Lift
• At sea level the
atmosphere exerts a
force of 14.7 lb/in2 (PSI)
on the earth's surface.
• The weight of the
atmosphere on a body of
water will prevent lift from
occurring unless an area
of low pressure is
created.

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Theoretical Suction Lift
• In tube (A) atmospheric
pressure is the same
inside the tube as it is
outside: 14.7 PSI. Since
the weight of the
atmosphere is being
exerted equally across
the surface, no change
occurs in the water level
inside the tube.

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Theoretical Suction Lift
• In tube (B) a perfect
vacuum is created
making atmospheric
pressure greater on the
water outside the tube.
The resulting differential
causes water, flowing
naturally to the area of
lowest pressure to begin
filling the tube until it
reaches a height of 33.9
feet.

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Theoretical • Why is 33.9 feet the
Suction Lift highest water can be
lifted in this example?
Because at this point the
weight of the water
inside the tube exerts a
pressure equal to the
weight of the
atmosphere pushing
down on the ocean's
surface. This height
represents the maximum
theoretical suction lift
and can be verified using
the following calculation.

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Theoretical
Suction Lift

• Divide atmospheric pressure at sea level by 0.0361 lb/in3

(the weight of one cubic inch of water) to obtain the
theoretical suction lift.

14.7 (lb/in2) / 0.0361 (lb/in3) = 407.20 (inches)

407.20 (inches) / 12 (inches per foot) = 33.9 (ft)

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 Brake Horsepower
• The product of the pressure head (H, ft) and the flow (Q,
gpm) gives water horsepower or the theoretically minimum
horsepower required to produce the desired results.

• WHP = Q x 8.33 x H QH
33,000 or 3960

• Q is flow in gallons per minute and H is head in feet; 8.33 =

pounds per gallon of water and 33,000 = ft-lb/per min per
horsepower.
• The efficiency which is output over input or E = WHP/bhp
can be expressed:

• E = Q (GPM) x H (ft)
3960 x bhp
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 Cost to Pump Water – Electric
Rs. per hour = gpm x head in feet x 0.746 x rate per kWH
3960 x Pump Eff. x Electric Motor Eff.

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Sump

A typical Mine Drainage System 24

Solution

bhp = Q (GPM) x H (ft)

3960 x efficiency

bhp = 150 (GPM) x 366.48 (ft)

3960 x 0.7 25
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Typical Characteristic curves of a Centrifugal Pump
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BDMS / PSU 35
BDMS / PSU 36
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BDMS / PSU 41
BDMS / PSU 42
 Affinity Laws
For the same pump operating at a different speed,
the diameter does not change and the following
relationships hold good.
Q1 N1 H1 N 2
 (8-10)  1
(8-11)
Q2 N 2 H2 N 2
2

3
P1 N
 1
3
(8-12)
P2 N 2
Eqs. 8-10 through 8-12 can be used to determine the
effect of changes in pump speed on capacity, head and
power of a pump.
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BDMS / PSU 47
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BDMS / PSU 50
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Submersible pump 52
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BDMS / PSU 57
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See Next Slide

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BDMS / PSU 68
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