PAEDIATRIC PSG

H.SINDHU
LECTURER
BGS GLOBAL INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL SCIENCES
 DEFINITION

 Pediatric polysomnography is the diagnostic

study of choice to evaluate for obstructive
sleep apnea in children, and to evaluate
cardiorespiratory function in infants and
children with chronic lung disease or
neuromuscular disease when indicated.
 APNEA

 Sleep apnea is a potentially serious sleep disorder

in which breathing repeatedly stops and starts.
 There are three types of apnea
 Central sleep apnea
 Obstructive sleep apnea
 Comlex (or) Mixed sleep apnea
OBSTRUCTIVE HYPOVENTILATION
 Obstructive hyperventilation is also known as (OHS)
 Obesity hypoventilation syndrome (OHS) is a condition
in some obese people in which poor breathing leads to
lower oxygen and higher carbon dioxide levels in the
blood.
 Excess weight against the chest wall also makes it harder
for the muscles to draw in a deep breath and to breathe
quickly enough. This worsens the brain's breathing
control
GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX
 Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) occurs when
stomach acid frequently flows back into the tube
connecting your mouth and stomach (esophagus).
This backwash (acid reflux) can irritate the lining of
your esophagus. Many people experience acid reflux
from time to time.
 Because of this reflux flow u will not able to breathe
properly.
NOCTURNAL SEIZURES

 Nocturnal seizures are seizures that happen

while a person is asleep. They can cause
unusual nighttime behavior, such as waking
for no reason or urinating while sleeping, as
well as jerking and shaking of the body.
Nocturnal seizures are usually a type of
seizure called a tonic-clonic seizure.
PLMD
 Periodic limb movement disorder (PLMD) is a condition
that was formerly called sleep myoclonus or nocturnal
myoclonus. It is described as repetitive limb movements
that occur during sleep and cause sleep disruption.
 The limb movements occur most frequently in light non-
REM sleep. The repetitive movements are separated by
fairly regular intervals of 5 to 90 seconds. There can be
significant night-to-night variability to the frequency of
limb movements.
SIDS
 Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is the unexplained
death, usually during sleep, of a seemingly healthy baby
less than a year old. SIDS is sometimes known as crib
death because the infants often die in their cribs .
 SLEEP CENTER ENVIRONMENT:
 The ideal sleep environment is cool, quiet, and dark.
Even shift workers can maintain such an environment
with enough effort. Avoid light from computers or
televisions close to bedtime.There should be a proper
ventilation for breathing.
 SLEEP CENTER ENVIRONMENT
 Social features of environments, family, social
cohesion, safety, noise, and neighborhood
disorder can shape and/or impact sleep patterns;
and physical features such as light, noise, traffic,
pollution, and walkability can also influence
sleep and is related to sleep disorders among
adults and children.
 PAEDIATRIC MONTAGES
 The montages in clinical EEG recordings in
neonates, infants, and children follow some basic
principles of adolescent or adult EEG recordings.
 The electrodes used in paediatric PSG are
F3,F4,C3,C4,A1 & A2 , O1 & O 2.
 CAPINOGRAPHY
 Capnography is the monitoring of the
concentration or partial pressure of carbon
dioxide (CO. 2) in the respiratory gases. Its
main development has been as a monitoring tool
for use during anesthesia and intensive care. It is
usually presented as a graph of expiratory CO.
 END TIDAL CAPINOGRAPHY:

 End-tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO2) is the level of

carbon dioxide that is released at the end of an
exhaled breath. ETCO2 levels reflect the
adequacy with which carbon dioxide (CO 2) is
carried in the blood back to the lungs and
exhaled.
 TRANSCUTANEOUS
 Transcutaneous monitoring is the method to
use in patients who have a need for
continuous and non-invasive monitoring of
oxygenation and ventilation. Through a
sensor applied to the body, blood gases
diffusing through the skin can be detected
and measured.
 Transcutaneous monitoring is a useful trending
tool to monitor oxygenation (tcpO2) and
ventilation (tcpCO2) status non-invasively. It
provides vital real-time information, allowing
you to take immediate action when needed to
improve patient safety and comfort.
 BIOCALLIBRATION

 The calibration is an integral part of every EEG

recording. It gives a scaling factor for the
interpreter, and tests the EEG machine for
sensitivity, high and low-frequency response,
noise level, and pen alignment and damping. It
also gives information about the competence and
care of the technologist.