ORIGIN

❖ Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a contagious disease caused

by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).
❖ The disease has since spread worldwide, leading to an
ongoing pandemic.
❖ SARS-CoV-2 made the jump to humans at one of Wuhan’s open-air
“wet markets.” COVID-19 transmits when people breathe in air
contaminated by droplets and small airborne particles containing the
virus.

31 11
30 11
DECEMBER FEBRUAR
JANUAR MARCH
2019 Y 2020
Y 2020 2020
OFFICIAL NAMES
FIRST CASE WHO DECLARED AS OF COVID-19 AND WHO DECLARED
IDENTIFIED IN PUBLIC HEALTH SARS-CoV2 WERE THE OUTBREAK AS
WUHAN ,CHINA EMERGENCY OF GIVEN A PANDEMIC
CONCERN
SYMPTOMS
MOST COMMON LEAST COMMON SERIOUS SYMPTOMS
SYMPTOMS SYMPTOMS

● fever ● sore throat ● difficulty breathing or

● cough ● headache shortness of breath
● tiredness ● diarrhoea ● loss of speech or mobility,
● loss of smell and taste ● a rash on skin, or or confusion
discolouration of fingers or ● chest pain.
toes

On average it takes 5–6 days from when someone is

infected with the virus for symptoms to show, however it
can take up to 14 days. People who are infected can also be
asymptomatic. Seek immediate medical attention if you
have serious symptoms.
VARIATION IN VIRUSES
Genetic variation is an essential feature of all living organisms. It provides the resource for
the progressive adaptation of the population to a changing environment. Viruses face
continuous environmental change as they pass from host to host. The virus has to make sure
that the host’s immunological response doesn’t retaliate in a way that harms the virus.
Viral variation can be generated by a number of mechanisms. Gene duplications, gene
exchanges and gene adoptions also occur.
However, the most common ways of viral variation
VIRAL are:
VARIATION

Genetic
Mutation
recombination
1)Recombination
Viral recombination occurs when viruses of two different parent strains co-infect the same
host cell and interact during replication to generate virus progeny that have some genes from
both parents. There will be a lot of virus parts floating around the cell at once. The process of
crossing-over and independent assortment of new combinations of these virus parts takes

2) Mutation
place to form a new viral progeny.

Viruses usually undergo change in a gene or genes. A mutation is a permanent change in the
genetic material (DNA or RNA) of a virus. A mutation can happen if there is a mistake during
copying of the DNA or RNA of the virus.
In general, RNA viruses tend to have high mutation rates, while DNA viruses tend to have
low mutation rates. A virus in which the genetic information is stored in the form of RNA (as
opposed to a virus in which the genetic information is stored in the form of DNA).
Past Virus Outbreaks vs Covid-19

EBOLA: SARS: COVID-19:

➔A total of 318 cases ➔The World Health
and 280 deaths (an Organization (WHO)
88% fatality rate) today estimated the
resulted from this overall fatality rate for
outbreak, which, along SARS (severe acute
with an outbreak in respiratory syndrome)
Sudan that had begun patients at 14% to
a few weeks 15%, significantly
previously, were the higher than previous
first outbreaks of estimates. The agency
Ebola ever recorded. estimated the rate for
people older than 64
years to be more than
➔Globally, about 3.4% of reported COVID-19
cases have died. By comparison, seasonal flu
generally kills far fewer than 1% of those
infected.
➔Statistical analyses, based on daily data from
February 2020 to February 2021, suggest that the
first wave of COVID-19 pandemic in Italy had a
high negative impact on health of people over
February-May 2020 period; after that, negative
effects declined from June 2020 onwards.
➔The second wave of COVID-19 in India has had
severe consequences in the form of spiralling
cases, reduced supplies of essential treatments,
and increased deaths particularly in the young
population.