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A Bridge Rule
A Bridge Rule
PURPOSE
Specifies the rules/loads for
Longitudinal Forces
Racking forces
Forces on parapets
Wind pressure effects
Forces & Effects due to earthquake
Erection forces and effects
Derailment loads
PQRS loads
DEAD LOAD
Weight of structure
History
NG (762 MM)
H' class 9.7 t 2.83 t/m behind V (Sheet 1) VI VI
the engine
A' Class 8.1 t 2.83 t/m behind V(Sheet 2) VI VI
the engine
For BM
For spans up to 10.00m >> produces BM at center =
absolute BM developed by standard load
For spans above 10.00m >> produces BM at 1/6 th
span = absolute BM developed by standard load at
1/6 th of span
For SF
Shear force at end of span = Max. SF
EUDL (Span Train Loads
> 10m)
Loads on Kerbs
600 mm wide or more
Live Load + horizontal load of 7.35 kN/m
Less than 600 mm wide
No live load only Horizontal load of 7.35 kN/m
main structure
LIVE LOAD DISTRIBUTION
CLAUSE 2.3.4.2
Distribution through sleepers & ballast
distribution area of live load on top of ballast
Type I Type II
( under each rail seat )
BG 2745 mm x 254 mm760 mm x 330 mm
MG 1830 mm x 203 mm 610 mm x 270 mm
Further dispersal through fill / ballast at a slope half horizontal to
one vertical.
All deck slabs to be designed for both type of sleepers
Clause 2.3.4.2… Cont.
Applicable for
Portion of Bridge not free to expand / contract
Temperature limits be specified by Engineer.
Coefficient of expansion
For steel & RCC -- 11.7*10-6 per degree C
For plain concrete -- 10.8*10-6 per degree C
FRICTIONAL RESTISTANCE OF
EXPANSION BEARING
Coefficient of frictional resistance of expansion
bearings are
Roller bearing 0.03
Sliding bearings of steel on
Cast Iron or Steel 0.25
Ferrobestas 0.20
Hard copper alloy 0.15
Sliding bearing of PTFE / Elastomeric 0.10
Conc. Over conc. with bitumen layer 0.50
Conc. Over conc. Not intentionally roughened 0.60
LONGITUDINAL FORCES
Minimum height
one meter above adjacent roadway/foot way surface
Designed for a lateral horizontal and a vertical force
of
1.47 kN/m applied simultaneous at top of the railing/parapet
WIND PRESSURE EFFECT
Clause 3.11.1
Forces and Effect due to
Earthquake
Seismic Force
Acts in three mutually perpendicular directions
Horizontal (Two Directions)
Vertical
For determining seismic forces country is divided in 4
zones
Basic horizontal Seismic Coefficient defined for each zones
Coefficient be gradually reduced to 50% from ground level
to 30m below. (GL is scoured bed level corresponding to
mean flood)
Seismic Force Cont.
Modification in CDA
Modification in CDA
If no Rail joint on span or within 10m
CDA can be reduced by 0.75/ span in m.
Max. reduction 20% up to span 7.5 m
If maximum speed is not increased
CDA can be multiply by Vr/V, where
Vr is permissible speed and
V is 125/80 kmph ( Electric/steam)for BG & 100/60
kmph for MG
Bridges found fit for 125 kmph can be cleared for 160 kmph.
CDA in no case be less than 0.1
EXISTING BRIDGES CONT.