T IO N

N IC A
MMU
C O
 GROUP
MEMBERS
SIMRANJIT KAUR
VIPUL JAIN
ISHPREET KAUR
DAMANPREET SINGH
NIHARIKA
1. DEFINITION
CONTENT
S
2. DIFFERENT WAYS OF COMMUNICATION
3. FUNCTION OF COMMUNICATION
4. COMMUNICTION PROCESS
5. EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION
6. CHANNELS OF COMMUNICATION
7. TYPES OF COMMUNICATION
8. VERBAL COMMUNICATION
9. NON VERBAL COMMUNICATION
10. DIRECTION OF COMMUNICATION
11. BARRIERS OF COMMUNICATION
12. TYPES OF BARRIERS
13. REDUCTION OF BARRIES
 Format Of Presentation
SIMRANJIT KAUR
Definition
Different Ways Of Communication VIPUL JAIN
Function Of Communication Process Of Communication
Effective Communication
Channels Of Communication
ISHPREET KAUR
Types Of Communication
Verbal Communication
Non-verbal Communication
DAMANPREET SINGH
Direction Of Communication
NIHARIKA
Barriers Of Communication
Types Of Barriers
Reduction Of Barriers
 DEFINITION
• Communication (from Latin communis, meaning "to share") is the act of
conveying meanings from one entity or group to another through the use of mutually
understood signs, symbols, and semiotic rules.
• Communication is the process of sharing experience till it becomes a common possession. It
modifies the deposition of both parties who partakes it- JOHN DEWEY.
• Communication is sharing of ideas and feelings in a mood of mutuality -EDGAR
DALE.
• Communication is a means of persuasion to influence other so that the desired effect is
achieved- ARISTOLE.
 Different ways of communication
There are many ways of communication:-
Face Expression:-A facial expression is one or more motions or positions of the muscles beneath the skin of
the face. These movements convey the emotional state of an individual to observers.
Gestures:-A gesture is a visible bodily actions communicate particular messages, either in place of, or in
conjunction with, speech. Gestures include movement of the hands, face, or other parts of the body.
Writing:-The written communication refers to the process of conveying a message through
the written symbols. In other words, any message exchanged between two or more persons that make use
of written words.
Drawing:- Drawing is a form of communication just the same as speaking is a form of communication. The
process of placing your ideas on paper, and. A skill that can be used in many work situations.
Eye Contact :- Eye contact is thought to have a large influence on social behavior. Coined in the early to
mid-1960s, the term came from the west to often define the act as a meaningful and important sign of
confidence, respect, and social communication.
 FUNCTIONS OF COMMUNICATION
Function of communication are:-
Control:- When employees communicate any job-related grievance to their immediate boss, follow their job
description, or comply with company policies, communication is performing a control function.
Motivation:- communication fosters motivation by clarifying to employees what they must do, how well
they are doing it. The formation of specific goals, feedback on progress toward the goals, and reward for
desired behavior all stimulate motivation and require communication.
Emotional Expression:- Communication is a fundamental mechanism by which members of group shows
their satisfaction and frustrations. Communication, therefore, provides for the emotional expression of
feelings and fulfillment of social needs.
Information:- Communication provides the information individuals and groups need to make decisions by
transmitting the data needed to identify and evaluate choices. Thus communication helps to facilitate decision
making.
 COMMUNICATION
PROCESS
FEEDBAC
K

SENDE CHANNEL RECIEVE

ENCODING DECODING
R S R

NOISE
 COMMUNICATION PROCESS
Communication process has several components that enable the transmission of a message.
• Sender: This is the person that is delivering a message to a recipient.
• Encoding: This refers to the information that the sender is relaying to the receiver.
• Channel of communication: This is the transmission or method of delivering the message.
• Decoding: This is the interpretation of the message. Decoding is performed by the receiver.
• Receiver: The receiver is the person who is getting or receiving the message.
• Feedback: in some instances, the receiver might have feedback or a response for the sender. This
starts an interaction.
• Noise:- Noise refers to anything that interferes with the communication process between a speaker
and an audience. It can be external (a physical sound) or internal (a mental disturbance), and it can
disrupt the communication process at any point.
 EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION
• Effective communication is a process of exchanging ideas, thoughts, knowledge and
information such that the purpose or intention is fulfilled in the best possible manner. In
simple words, it is nothing but the presentation of views by the sender in a way best
understood by the receiver.

CLARIT
Y

INTEGRI ADEQUAC
TY Y

TIMIN
G
 CHANNELS COMMUNICATION
Types of channels of communication are:-
• Formal Communication:-Formal communication includes exchange of information such as the goals,
policies and procedures of an organization. Some of the most common examples of formal
communication include company business plans, strategy, goals, annual reports, agreements,
company-wide communications, workplace safety guidelines and procedures, board presentations etc.
• Informal Communication:-Informal communication channels are also used to deliver official business
messages but in a more relaxed way. Some examples of informal communication include
conversations at work addressing various issues that team members may have, lunch time
conversations and continuous collaboration among team members.
• Unofficial Communication:- In addition to official communication channels, there is also an unofficial
mode of communication that is quite common in the workplace. Unofficial communication includes
employee communication outside of work environment on topics not related to work.
 TYPES OF COMMUNICATION
There are four types of communication:-
• Verbal Communication:-Verbal communication occurs when we engage in speaking with
others.
• Non Verbal Communication:-Non-verbal communication includes facial expressions, posture,
eye contact, hand movements, and touch.
Types Of
Communication

Verbal Non-Verbal
Communication Communication
 VERBAL COMMUNICATION
• Verbal communication means communication through spoken and written words. It implies use
of words which makes language it is ability to communication by using words.
• There are two types of verbal communication:-
• Oral Communication
• Written Communication
Verbal
Communication

Oral Written
Communication Communication
 ORAL COMMUNICATION

• Oral Communication implies communication through mouth. It includes individuals conversing with
each other, be it direct conversation or telephonic conversation. Speeches, presentations, discussions
are all forms of oral communication.
• Forms of oral communication are:-
 Face to face communication
 Interviews
 Telephone conversation
 Meetings
 Lecture/speech
 Presentations
 Conferences/seminar/workshop
 WRITTEN COMMUNICATION
• A medium for communication that entails the written word. Letters, emails, and manuals are forms of
written communication. Need for written of communication, the old style of communication did not
have public relationship, advertising, technology and many aspects of modern day communication
• Forms of written communication are:-
 Emails(electronic email)
 Websites
 Reports
 Letters
 Circular
 Handbooks
 Orders
 Quotation
 complains
 NON VERBAL COMMUNICATION
• Non Verbal communication includes all unwritten and unspoked messages, both intentional and
unintentional.
Body language includes:-
• Facial expression
• Gestures
 Handshake
 Nodding
 Eye contact
• Posture
Even without words, the message can be strong gestures do not behave same meaning in all
cultures
 NON VERBAL
COMMUNICATION

BODY
EXPRESSIO GESTURE EYE TOUCH
MOVEMEN VOICE
N S CONTACT
T
 DIRECTIONS OF COMMUNICATION
There are four directions in which communications flow: Downward, Upward and Laterally (Horizontal),
Diagonal .
• Downward Communication:-Downward communication involves a message travelling to one or more receivers at the
lower level in the hierarchy. The message frequently involves directions or performance feedback. The down ward flow
of communication generally corresponds to the formal organizational communications system, which is usually
synonymous with the chain of command or line of authority.
• Upward Communication:-In upward communication, the message is directed toward a higher level in the hierarchy. It
is often takes the form of progress reports or information about successes and failures of the individuals or work groups
reporting to the receiver of the message.

SUPERIO SUPERIO
R Policies, R
Procedures,
orders,
notice
DOWNWARD Progress,
COMMUNICATION Reports, UPWARD
Complaints, COMMUNICATION
Suggestions
SUBORDINAT
SUBORDINAT
• Lateral Communication:-When takes place among members of the same work group, among members of work groups
at the same level, among managers at the same level or among any horizontally equivalent personnel, we describe it as
lateral communications. In lateral communication, the sender and receiver(s) are at the same level in the hierarchy.
Formal communications that travel laterally involve employees engaged in carrying out the same or related tasks.
• Diagonal Communication:-Diagonal communication is cross-functional communication between employees at
different levels of the organization. For example, if the vice president of sales sends an e-mail to the vice president of
manufacturing asking when a product will be available for shipping, this is an example of horizontal communication.
But if a sales representative e-mails the vice president of marketing, then diagonal communication has occurred.

N
ETI
A RK
M G ER
N AG
n MA
rm atio ferent
f
PRODUCTIO Exchange of information MARKETIN
of i nf o g i n di n t
N Between people working at the same G h a nge holdin differe
MANAGER level in different departments Exc eople rity in
MANAGER en p autho ments
w e
Bet evel of depart
l
M A
LATERAL ORE DIAGONAL
F N
COMMUNICATION COMMUNICATION
 BARRIERS OF COMMUNICATION
Barriers of Communication: This far we have seen what we mean by the process
of communication. But, at times even after taking care of every other detail some
misunderstandings arise. So, to eliminate these misunderstandings, we have to understand the
most common barriers to effective communication.
 TYPES OF BARRIER IN COMMUNICATION
There are four types of barrier:-
• Semantic Barrier
• Psychological Barrier
• Organization Barrier
• Personal Barrier BARRIERS OF
COMMUNICATIO
N

SEMANTIC PSYCHOLOGI ORGANIZATIO PERSONAL

BARRIER CAL BARRIER N BARRIER BARRIER
 SEMANTIC BARRIERS
Semantic barrier refers to problem and obstruction in the process of encoding and decoding of message
into words or impressions.
Common forms of semantic barriers:-
• Badly expressed message:- Lack of clarity and precision in a message makes its badly expressed. These
badly expressed message may be an account of inadequate vocabulary, usage of wrong words, omission
of needed words etc.
• Symbols with different meaning:- The same word or symbol may carry different meanings to different
people and convey different meaning under different circumstances.
• Technical jargon:- Many special experts make use of technical jargon to communicate messages, which
may not be understood by the receiver. It leads to poor communication.
• Body language and gesture decoding:- In addition to verbal communication, non-verbal or gestural
communication is also effective means of communication.
 PSYCHOLOGICAL BARRIERS
These barriers arise on account of the emotional or psychological status of the sender and receiver of the
message.
Common forms of psychological barriers:-
• Premature evaluation:- Some people have tendency to form a judgement before listening to the entire
message. This is known as premature evaluation.
• Lack of attention:- The preoccupied mind of receiver and the resultant non-listening of message acts as
a major psychological barrier.
• Loss by transmission and poor retention:- When communication passes through various levels of
organization ,successive transmission of inaccurate information.
• Distinct:- Lack of mutual trust between the sender and the receiver acts as a barrier to effective
communication . when the parties do not believe each other, they cants understand each other message
 ORGANISATIONAL BARRIERS
In an organization structure, communication has to pass through several levels it may not reach in the same
shape it was sent by the sender.
Some forms of organizational behavior:-
• Organizational policy:-Organizational policies determine the effectiveness of communication. If the
policy is not supportive to the free flow of communication.
• Rules and regulation :- Rigid rules and cumbersome procedures adversely affect the process of
communication. Similarly, communication through prescribed channel may result in delays.
• Status:- Status relationship create psychological barriers distance between superior and his subordinates.
A status conscious manager also may not allow his subordinates to express their feeling freely.
• Organizational facilities:- It facilities for smooth and clear and communication are not
provided ,communication will be lack.
 PERSONAL BARRIER
The personal factors of both sender and receiver influence the communication.
Some of the personal barrier are:-
• Fear of challenge to authority:- A superior always aims to move at higher position and prestige
in the organization. If he fears that spread of communication may adversely affect his authority,
then he may lack in such communication.
• Lack of confidence of superior on his subordinates:-Communication process is happened when
superiors do not have faith with their subordinates.
• Lack of proper incentives:-When there is no motivation or inconvenient communication,
subordinates may not take initiative to communication
 REDUCTION OF BARRIERS
There are some reduction of barriers are:-
• Clarify the ideas before communication:-the message to be communicated must be absolutely clear in
the mind of sender. The message should be encoded in clear and simple language and should be stated
in such a manner that it is clearly conveyed into subordinates
• Ensure proper feedback:-communication is not complete unless the response or reaction of the receiver
is obtained. The communicator may ensure the success of communication by asking questions
regarding the message conveyed.
• Be a good listener:- to make the communication process effective, the receiver should be a good
listener.
• Convey things of help and value to listeners:- communication is more effective, if message contains
something, which is useful and in the interest of receiver.
• Communicate according to the needs of receiver:- the sender should communicate the message
according to the needs of receiver. The message should contain the words which are according to the
understanding and education level of receiver.