Module 1

Introduction to Databases
Module Overview

Introduction to Relational Databases

Other Types of Databases and Storage
Data Analysis
• Database Languages in SQL Server
Lesson 1: Introduction to Relational Databases

What Is a Database?
Relational Database Fundamentals
Tables in Relational Databases
Demonstration: Exploring a Relational Database
• Introduction to Normalization
 What Is a Database?

• A database is an organized store of data for:

• Faster retrieval of data

• Databases usually store data in a way that

minimizes redundancy to achieve:
• More efficient data storage
• Reduced data inconsistency

• Query languages provide a standardized way to

access the data in a database
• A database management system (DBMS) is the
software with which you can create and manage
databases
Relational Database Fundamentals
Tables in Relational Databases
Demonstration: Exploring a Relational Database

In this demonstration, you will see:

• How to create a database diagram
• How to use a database diagram to view tables,
primary key constraints, and foreign key
constraints
Introduction to Normalization
Lesson 2: Other Types of Databases and Storage

Data Warehouses
Online Analytical Processing Databases
Hierarchical Databases
Column-Oriented Databases
NoSQL Databases
Hadoop
• SQL Graph
Data Warehouses
Online Analytical Processing Databases
Hierarchical Databases
Column-Oriented Databases
 NoSQL Databases

• NoSQL databases:
• Do not use the relational data model
• Offer better performance than relational databases for very
large volumes of complex data
• Some NoSQL databases lack key relational features

• Increasing prevalence of NoSQL databases:

• The need to store and manage big data
• Greater availability of scale-out technologies

• Types of NoSQL databases include:

• Document-oriented databases
• Object-oriented databases
Hadoop

• Hadoop is a big data technology that offers

massive processing power for processing very
large data loads
• SQL Server 2016 includes PolyBase, which
integrates SQL Server with Hadoop environments
SQL Graph

• SQL Graph is new in SQL Server 2017

• What is SQL Graph?
• Nodes and edges that model entities and relationships
• Stored as tables and created with Transact-SQL
• CREATE TABLE has new AS EDGE and AS NODE keywords
• When to Use SQL Graph
• To hold hierarchical data
• Model many-to-many relationships
• Easier analysis of relationships and connections
• Querying SQL Graph
• MATCH clause
Lesson 3: Data Analysis

Data and Information

Information and Intelligence
• Preparing Data for Analysis
Data and Information
Information and Intelligence
Preparing Data for Analysis
Lesson 4: Database Languages in SQL Server

Structured Query Language

Transact-SQL Queries
Demonstration: Querying a SQL Server Database
• Other Query Languages in SQL Server
Structured Query Language

• SQL is a standard language for use with relational

databases
• SQL standards are maintained by ANSI and ISO
• Proprietary RDBMS systems have their own
extensions of SQL, such as Transact-SQL
• Subsets of SQL include:
• Data Definition Language (DDL)
• Data Manipulation Language (DML)
• Data Control Language (DCL)
Transact-SQL Queries
Demonstration: Querying a SQL Server Database

In this demonstration, you will see how to:

• Use a SELECT statement to return all rows and
columns from a table
• Use a SELECT statement to return all rows and
specific columns from a table
• Use a WHERE clause to filter the rows that a
SELECT statement returns
• Use different operators in a WHERE clause
Other Query Languages in SQL Server

Other languages that SQL Server supports include:

• XQuery
• MDX
• DAX
• DMX
•R
Lab: Exploring and Querying SQL Server Databases

Exercise 1: Exploring an OLTP Schema and a Data

Warehouse Schema
• Exercise 2: Querying a Database by Using
Transact-SQL

Logon Information
Ensure that the 10985C-MIA-DC and 10985C-MIA-SQL
virtual machines are both running, and then log on to
10985C-MIA-SQL as ADVENTUREWORKS\Student with
the password Pa55w.rd.

Estimated Time: 45 minutes

Lab Scenario

You have recently started working as a database

developer at Adventure Works, manufacturers and
retailers of bicycles and associates products. Your
line manager has asked you to familiarize yourself
with the databases that you will be working with,
and has given your user account the required
permissions to do so. You intend to create
database diagrams of parts of the OLTP database
and data warehouse database, and examine the
tables they contain. You will then write some
simple SELECT statements and review the data.
Lab Review

• Why did the number of rows returned by the

queries that you wrote in the lab vary?
Module Review and Takeaways

• Review Question(s)