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Artificial Intelligence

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Table of Content

Introduction 01
 What is AI?  AI use cases
 Introduction to AI Levels?  Why is AI booming now?
 Types of Artificial Intelligence  AI trend in 2020
 AI VS machine learning vs deep learning
 Where is AI used?

Machine Learning 02
 What is Machine Learning?  Why to use decision tree algorithm learning
 7 Steps of Machine learning  Challenges and Limitations of Machine learning
 Machine Learning vs. Traditional Programming  Application of Machine learning
 How does machine learning work?  Why is machine learning important?
 Machine learning Algorithms
 Machine learning use cases
 How to choose Machine Learning Algorithm

Deep Learning 03
 What is Deep Learning?  Reinforcement Learning
 Deep learning Process  Examples of deep learning applications
 Classification of Neural Networks  Why is Deep Learning Important?
 Types of Deep Learning Networks  Limitations of deep learning
 Feed-forward neural networks
 Recurrent neural networks (RNNs)
 Convolutional neural networks (CNN)

Difference between AI vs ML vs DL 04
 What is AI?  Difference between Machine Learning and Deep Learning
 What is ML?  Which is better to start AI,ML or Deep learning
 What is Deep Learning?
 Machine Learning Process
 Deep Learning Process

2
Table of Content
Supervised Machine Learning 05
 Types of Machine Learning  Supervised vs. Unsupervised Machine learning
 What is Supervised Machine Learning? techniques
 How Supervised Learning Works  Advantages of Supervised Learning
 Types of Supervised Machine Learning Algorithms  Disadvantages of Supervised Learning

Unsupervised Machine Learning 06


 What is Unsupervised Learning?  Types of Unsupervised Learning
 How Unsupervised Machine Learning works  Disadvantages of Unsupervised Learning

Reinforcement Learning 07
 What is reinforcement learning?  Advantage of reinforcement learning
 How reinforcement learning works  Disadvantage of reinforcement learning
 Types of reinforcement learning

Back Propagation Neural Network in AI 08


 Back Propagation Neural Network in AI  What is a Feed Forward Network?
 What is Artificial Neural Networks?  Types of Backpropagation Networks
 What is Backpropagation?  Best practice Backpropagation
 Why We Need Backpropagation?

Expert System in Artificial Intelligence 09


 What is an Expert System?  Human expert vs. expert system
 Examples of Expert Systems  Benefits of expert systems
 Characteristic of Expert System  Limitations of the expert system
 Components of the expert system  Applications of expert systems
 Conventional System vs. Expert system

3
01 Introduction

 What is AI?
 Introduction to AI Levels?
 Types of Artificial Intelligence
 AI VS machine learning vs deep learning
 Where is AI used?
 AI use cases
 Why is AI booming now?
 AI trend in 2020

4
Artificial Intelligence
Transforming the Nature of Work, Learning, and Learning to Work

Artificial Intelligence

Machine Learning

Deep Learning

Artificial intelligence (AI) is a popular branch of computer science that concerns with building “intelligent” smart machines
capable of performing intelligent tasks.

With rapid advancements in deep learning and machine learning, the tech industry is transforming radically.

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Introduction to AI Levels?

Types of
Artificial
Intelligence

Artificial Narrow Intelligence Artificial Super Intelligence

Artificial General Intelligence

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Types of Artificial Intelligence

Deep Learning Machine Learning Artificial Intelligence

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capture your audience's attention. capture your audience's attention. capture your audience's attention.

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Artificial Intelligence
65% 35%
2020
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2019
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2018 needs and capture your needs and capture your
audience's attention. audience's attention. 2018 2019 2020

AI

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capture your audience's attention. audience's attention.
2017 2018 2019 2020

AI
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editable. Adapt it to
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your needs and capture
needs and capture your Text Here your audience's
audience's attention.
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Adapt it to your needs and
capture your audience's attention.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is a popular branch of computer science that concerns with building
“intelligent” smart machines capable of performing intelligent tasks.
With rapid advancements in deep learning and machine learning, tech industry is transforming radically.

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Machine Learning

Machine learning is a type of AI that enables machines to


learn from data and deliver predictive models.

The machine learning is not dependent on any explicit


programming but the data fed into it. It is a complicated
process.

Based on the data you feed into machine learning algorithm


and the training given to it, an output is delivered.

A predictive algorithm will create a predictive model.

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Deep Learning

Deep Learning is a subfield of machine learning that is


concerned with algorithms inspired by the brain's structure
&
functions known as artificial neural
networks

A computer model can be taught using Deep Learning to


run classification actions using pictures, texts or sounds
as input

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AI VS Machine Learning VS Deep Learning

Artificial Intelligence Machine Learning Deep Learning

 Artificial Intelligence originated


 Machine Learning originated around  Deep Learning originated around 1970s
around 1950s
1960s
 AI represents simulate intelligence  Deep Learning is the process of using
 Machine learning is the practice of artificial neural networks to solve
in machines
getting machines to make decisions complex problems
without being programmed
 AI is a subset of data science
 Deep Learning is a subset of Machine
 Machine learning is a subset of AI & Learning, AI & Data Science
 Aim is to build machines which are
Data Science
capable of thinking like humans
 Aim is to build neural networks that
 Aim is to make machines learn through au6tonetically discover patterns for
data so that they can solve problems feature detection

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Where is AI used?

Customer Predictive
Experience Analytics

Supply Real-time Operations


Chain Management

Human Customer
Resources Services

Fraud Risk Management &


Detection Analytics

Knowledge Customer
Creation Insight

Research & Pricing


Development & Promotion

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AI Usecase in HealthCare

Training Keeping Well

Early Detection
Research

AI and
Robotics

End of Life Care Diagnosis

Treatment Decision Making

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AI Use Cases in Human Resource

LEARNING RECRUITING
 Curated Training  Dynamic Career Sites
 Skill Development  Smart Sourcing

Employee Life
Cycle

ENGAGEMENT ONBOARDING
 HR Chatbot  Automated Messages
 Engagement Surveys  Curated Videos

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AI in Banking for Fraud Detection

1 Auth Request
Cardholde
r 4 Auth Recommendation
Profiles Authorization System

2 Auth Request & Score


8 Payment and Non-Monetary Transactions

3 Expert Rules Execute


Postings Neural
Expert Authorization
Network Engine Response Module
Payment System Scoring Engine

5 Transaction & Score


Nonmonetary System

Expert
6 Case Creation Rules Execute Case Creation Module
Rules Base

7 Case Information

Case Rules Definition


Analyst Management Configuration
Workstation Database Workstation

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AI in Supply Chain

Structured & Unstructured


Information Logistics Procurement Manufacturing Customers Service

Secure Access Via Identity Management for Transient Users


Regulatory B2B Transaction
Data Data
Proactive Predictive
Pervasive Visibility
Replenishment Maintenance
Inventory Multimedia
Data Data
IIOT – Securely Provisionally People, System and Things
Sensor Logistics
Data Data Unified
Secure Device Ecosystem Actionable
Maintenance Integration Messaging Insights

Trading Social
Partner Media
Data Data
Digital Ecosystem Data Lake

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Ai Chatbots in Healthcare

Search Engine Social Platforms Smartphones


Users learn to search for Like Facebook connect Bring the internet online
information users online

Healthbots Artificial Intelligence Messenger Apps App Eco-system


Bring all of the above Self Learning machines Lets users chat Lets users download and
together for healthcare becomes smarter the more anywhere, anytime use apps easily
use cases they are used

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Why is AI booming now?

Global AI Revenue Forecast by 2025, Ranked by Use Case in millions US Dollar


8,097 7,540 7,336
8,000
4,680 4,201 3,714 3,655 3,564
4,000 3,169

Penetration of Artificial Intelligence Skills, by Country Organizations deploying AI, by Functional Areas

71%
100% 92% 84% Customer Relation/Interaction (i.e.,
66%
chatbots)
60%
HR/Workforce Management 60%
United China India 51%
Monitoring Through External
States 37%
Devices/Systems
36%
54% 45% Production Floor Systems 27%
24%
Fleet Mobile 22%
Israel Germany 0 20 40 60 80 100

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10 AI Trend in 2020

AI In Retail Robotic Process Automation

Aerospace and Flight Operations


AI will make Healthcare more Accurate
Controlled by AI

AI Mediated Media and Entertainment Data Modeling will move to the Edge

Advanced Cybersecurity
AI will Come for B2B

Automated Business Process Ai-powered Chatbots

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02 Machine Learning

 What is Machine Learning?


 7 Steps of Machine learning
 Machine Learning vs. Traditional Programming
 How does machine learning work?
 Machine learning Algorithms
 Machine learning use cases
 How to choose Machine Learning Algorithm
 Why to use decision tree algorithm learning
 Challenges and Limitations of Machine learning
 Application of Machine learning
 Why is machine learning important?

20
Machine Learning

Machine Learning is the result of General AI that involves developing machines


that can deliver results better than humans

Data
(Input) Traditional
Output
Program Programming “Learning”
Machine
Learning System
Data Input Data: Output Data:
(Input) Machine Program Feed Learner Present Rules
Output Learning Various Data

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7 Steps of Machine Learning

01
Gathering Data

02
Preparing that Data

07
03
Prediction
Choosing a Model

06
Hyperparameter Tuning 04
Training

05
Evaluation

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Machine Learning vs. Traditional Programming

Traditional Modelling

Prediction Data

Computer Result
Handcrafted
Model

Machine Learning

Sample Data
Learning

Computer Model
Expected
Result

New Data
Prediction

Computer Result
Model

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How does Machine Learning Work?

Define Objectives Prepare Data Train Model Integrate Model


Identify, the problem to be Preparing data is a crucial Publish the prepared
Data is fed as input and the algorithm
solved and create a clear step and involves building experiment as a web
configured with the required
objective. workflows to clean, match service, so applications
parameters. A percent of the data can
and blend the data. can use the model.
be utilized to train the model.

Collect Data Select Algorithm Test Model


Collect data from hospitals, Depend on the problem The remaining data is utilized to test
health insurance companies, to be solved and the type the model, for accuracy. Depending on
social service agencies, police of data an appropriate the results, improvements, can be
and fire dept. algorithm will be chosen. performed in the “Train model’ and/or
“Select Algorithm” phases, iteratively.

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Machine Learning Algorithms

Machine Learning

Supervised Unsupervised Reinforcement

Regression Clustering

 Linear
 SVD
 Polynomial
 PCA Continuous
Decision
Tree  K-means

Random
Forest

Classificatio Association
n Anlaysis

 KNN  Apriori
 Trees Categorical
 FP-Growth
 Logistic Regression
 Naïve-Bayes Hidden Markov
Model
 SVM

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Machine Learning Use Cases

Energy Feedstock & Financial Services Travel & Manufacturing Retail Healthcare & Life
Utilities Hospitality Sciences
 Power Usage Analytics  Risk Analytics &  Aircraft Scheduling  Predictive Maintenance  Predictive Inventory  Alerts & Diagnostics
Regulation or Condition Monitoring Planning from Real-time Patient
 Seismic Data  Dynamic Pricing
Data
Processing  Customer Segmentation  Your Text Here  Recommendation
 Your Text Here
Engines  Your Text Here
 Your Text Here  Your Text Here  Demand Forecasting
 Traffic Patterns &
 Your Text Here  Predictive Health
 Smart Grid  Credit Worthiness Congestion  Process Optimization
Management
Management Evaluation Management  Customer ROI &
 Telematics
Lifetime Value  Healthcare Provider
 Energy Demand &
Sentiment Analysis
Supply Optimization

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How to Choose Machine Learning Algorithm

How to Select Machine Learning Algorithms


How to Select Machine Learning Algorithms

What do you want to Algorithm Cheat Sheet


do with your Data?

Additional Accuracy Training Linearity Number of Number of


Requirements Time Parameters Features

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Why use Decision Tree Machine Learning
Algorithm?

Decision Trees

To Classify To Predict

Responsible Variable Response Variable Responsible variable


has only 2 Categories has Multiple Categories is Continuous

Use Standard Use c4.5 Linear Relationship Non-linear Relationship


Classification here Implementation between Predictors between Predictors &
& Response Response

Use Standard Use c4.5


Regression Tree Implementation

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Challenges and Limitations of Machine learning

Advantages Disadvantages

Easily Identifies Trends and Patterns

High error- Data


Susceptibility Acquisition
No Human Intervention needed

Continuous Improvement

Handling multi-dimensional & multi-


variety Data Interpretation Time and
Results Resources

Wide Applications

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Application of Machine Learning

Automatic Language
Translation

Image Recognition Medical Diagnosis

Speech Recognition Stock Market Trading

Traffic Prediction Online Fraud Detection

Product Recommendations Virtual Personal Assistant

Self Driving Cars Email Spam and Malware Filtering

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Why is Machine Learning Important?

Phase 1 : Learning

Pre-Processing Learning Error Analysis

 Precision/recall
 Normalization  Supervised
 Over fitting
Training  Dimension Reduction  Unsupervised
Data  Image Processing, etc.  Minimization, etc.
 Test/cross Validation
data, etc.

Phase 2: Prediction

Model

New Data Prediction Predicted Data

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03 Deep Learning

 What is Deep Learning?


 Deep learning Process
 Classification of Neural Networks
 Types of Deep Learning Networks
 Feed-forward neural networks
 Recurrent neural networks (RNNs)
 Convolutional neural networks (CNN)
 Reinforcement Learning
 Examples of deep learning applications
 Why is Deep Learning Important?
 Limitations of deep learning

32
What is Deep Learning?

Deep Learning is a subfield of machine learning that is concerned with


algorithms inspired by the brain's structure and functions known as
artificial neural networks.

A computer model can be taught using Deep Learning to run


classification actions using pictures, texts or sounds as input.

What is Deep Learning?

Car
Not Car

Input Feature Extraction + Classification Output

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Deep Learning Process

Understand Select Deep Learning Test


the Problem Algorithms the Model

Identify Training
Data the Model

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Classification of Neural Networks

Input Layer Hidden Layer Output Layer

v11 w11 y1
x1 1 1

v12 w22 y2
x2 2 2

w1p
V1n
vpn wmp ym
xn p m

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Types of Deep Learning Networks

Artificial Neural Networks Used for Regression & Classification

Convolutional Neural Networks Used for Computer Vision

Supervised Recurrent Neutral Networks Used for Time Series Analysis

Self-Organizing Maps Used for Feature Detection

Deep Boltzmann Machines Used for Recommendation Systems

Unsupervised AutoEncoders Used for Recommendation Systems

Supervised Unsupervised

 Artificial Neural Networks (ANN)  Self Organizing Maps (SOM)


Deep Learning
 Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) Models  Boltzmann Machines (BM)

 Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN)  Auto Encoders (AE)

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Feed-forward Neural Networks

Input Layer Hidden Layer Output Layer

Variable- #1

Variable- #2

Output

Variable- #3

Variable- # 4

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Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs)

Recurrent Network

x1

x2 Output Layer

Input Layer

Hidden Layers

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Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN)

Take Car = A1 Truck = B1 VAN = C1 Bicycle = D1 Rest all be Same

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Reinforcement Learning

Action

Exploration Policy Neural Networks

Filters Memory

Agent Environment

Algorithm

State, Reward

Reinforcement Learning
uses rewards and punishment to train computing models to perform a sequence of selections. Here computing faces
a game-like scenario where it employs trial and error to answer. Based on the action it performs, computing gets
either rewards or penalties. Its goal is to maximize the rewards.

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Examples of Deep Learning Applications

Portfolio Management
Image & Prediction of Stock Speech
Recognition Price Movements Recognition

Natural Drug Discovery & Better Robots and Self -


Language Processing Diagnostics of Driving Cars
Diseases in Healthcare

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Why is Deep Learning Important?

Deep
Learning
Performance

Other Learning
Algorithms

Data

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Limitations of Deep Learning

Interpretability
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Limitations
of Deep
Learning

Amount of Data Statistical Reasoning


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Difference between AI vs ML vs
04 DL
 What is AI?
 What is ML?
 What is Deep Learning?
 Machine Learning Process
 Deep Learning Process
 Difference between Machine Learning and Deep Learning
 Which is better to start AI,ML or Deep learning

44
Difference between AI vs ML vs DL

Artificial Machine Deep


Intelligence Learning Learning

Engineering of making Ability to learn without Learning based


intelligent machines being explicitly on deep neural
and programs programmed network

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What is AI?

(AI) is a popular branch of


computer science that concerns
with building “intelligent” smart
machines capable of performing
intelligent tasks.

With rapid advancements in


deep learning and machine
learning, the tech industry is
transforming radically.

Artificial
Intelligence

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What is ML?

Introduction to Machine learning

Learns

Ordinary With Machine


System AI Learning Predicts

Improves

Machine Learning
is a type of AI that enables machines to learn from data and deliver predictive models. The
machine learning is not dependent on any explicit programming but the data fed into it. It is a
complicated process. Based on the data you feed into machine learning algorithm and the training
given to it, an output is delivered. A predictive algorithm will create a predictive model.

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What is Deep Learning?

Artificial intelligence (AI) is a popular branch of


computer science that concerns with building
“intelligent” smart machines capable of
performing intelligent tasks.

With rapid advancements in deep learning and


machine learning, the tech industry is transforming
radically.

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Machine Learning Process

Modelling
Candidate & Final

Data Visualisation
Raw & Training Data Predictions & Strategy
Machine Learning

Data Data Selecting Building Data Transformation


Gathering Cleaning Right Algorithms Model & Finalising into Predictions

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Deep Learning Process

Training
Identify Data
the Model
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Select Deep
Understand Test
Learning
the Problem the Model
Algorithm
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audience's attention. audience's attention. audience's attention.

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Difference between Machine Learning and Deep Learning

Machine Car

Learning Not Car

Input Feature Extraction Classification Output

Deep Car

Learning Not Car

Input Feature Extraction + Classification Output

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Which is better to start AI,ML or DL?

Artificial Intelligence
Any Technique which enables computers to mimic
human behavior.

Machine Learning
Subset of AI Techniques which use Statistical Methods to
Enable Machines to Improve with Experiences.

Deep Learning
Subset of ML which make the Computation of Multi-
layer Neural Networks Feasible.

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05 Supervised Machine Learning
 Types of Machine Learning
 What is Supervised Machine Learning?
 How Supervised Learning Works
 Types of Supervised Machine Learning Algorithms
 Supervised vs. Unsupervised Machine learning techniques
 Advantages of Supervised Learning:
 Disadvantages of Supervised Learning

53
Types of Machine Learning

Supervised Unsupervised Reinforcement


Learning Learning Learning

Makes Machine Learn Explicitly Machine Understands the data An approach to AI


(Identifies Patterns/ Structures)

Data with Clearly defined Output is


Evaluation is Qualitative or Indirect Reward Based Learning
given

Does not Predict/Find anything Learning form +ve & +ve


Direct feedback is given
Specific Reinforcement

Machine Learns how to act in a


Predicts outcome/future
Certain Environment

Resolves Classification and


Regression Problems To Maximize Rewards
Training Rewards

Inputs Outputs Inputs Outputs Inputs Outputs

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What is Supervised Machine Learning?

Supervised Learning

Supervisor
Input Raw Data Output
Training Desired
Data set Output

Algorithm Processing

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How Supervised Machine Learning works

Step1 Step2
Provide the Machine Learning Algorithm Feed the Machine New, Unlabeled Information to See if it Tags
Categorized or “labeled” Input and Output Data New Data Appropriately. If not, Continue Refining the
from to Learn Algorithm

Group 1

Label
“Group 1”
Group 2

Machine Machine

Types of Problems to which it’s Suited

Classification Regression
Sorting Items into Categories Identifying Real Values
(Dollars, Weight, etc.)

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Types of Supervised Machine Learning Algorithms

Regression

 Risk Assessment

 Score Prediction
 Fraud Detection

 Email Spam Detection

 Diagnostics

 Image Classification

Classification

Supervised
Learning

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Supervised vs. Unsupervised Machine Learning Techniques

Supervised Unsupervised
Learning Learning

Input & Output Data


 Classification
VS Input Data
 Clustering

 Regression  Association

Predictions & Patterns / Structure


Predictive Models Discovery

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Advantages of Supervised Learning

Advantages

It allows you to be very specific about the definition of the labels. In other
words, you'll train the algorithm to differentiate different classes where you'll set a
perfect decision boundary.

You are ready to determine the amount of classes you would like to possess.

The input file is extremely documented and is labeled.

The results produced by the supervised method are more accurate and reliable as
compared to the results produced by the unsupervised techniques of machine learning. this
is often mainly because the input file within the supervised algorithm is documented and
labeled. this is often a key difference between supervised and unsupervised learning.

The answers within the analysis and therefore the output of your algorithm are
likely to be known thanks to that each one the classes used are known.

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Disadvantages of Supervised Learning

Supervised learning are often a posh method as compared with the unsupervised method. The key
reason is that you simply need to understand alright and label the inputs in supervised learning.

It doesn’t happen in real time while the unsupervised learning is about the
important time. this is often also a serious difference between supervised and unsupervised
learning. Supervised machine learning uses of-line analysis.

It is needed tons of computation time for training.

If you've got a dynamic big and growing data, you're unsure of the labels to predefine the principles. this
will be a true challenge.

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06 Unsupervised Machine Learning
 What is Unsupervised Learning?
 How Unsupervised Machine Learning works
 Types of Unsupervised Learning
 Disadvantages of Unsupervised Learning

61
What is Unsupervised Learning?

Unsupervised Learning

Input Raw Data Algorithm Output

 Unknown output
 No Training Data Set

Interpretation Processing

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How Unsupervised Machine Learning works

Step 1 Step 2
Provide the machine learning algorithm uncategorized, Observe and learn from the patterns the machine
unlabeled input data to see what patterns it finds identifies

Similar Group 1

Similar Group 2

Machine Machine

Types of Problems to Which it’s Suited

Clustering Anomaly Detection


Identifying similarities in groups Identifying abnormalities in data
For Example: Are there patterns in the data to For Example: Is a hacker
indicate certain patients will respond better to intruding in our network?
this treatment than others?

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Types of Unsupervised Learning

Clustering

 Biology

 City Planning
 Text Mining
 Targeted Marketing
 Face Recognition

 Big Data Visualization

 Image Recognition

Dimensionality
Reduction

Unsupervised
Learning

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Disadvantages of Unsupervised Learning

You cannot get very specific about the definition of the info sorting and therefore
the output. This is often because the info utilized in unsupervised learning is labeled
and not known. It's employment of the machine to label and group the data before
determining the hidden patterns.

Less accuracy of the results. This is often also because the input
file isn't known and not labeled by people beforehand , which suggests that
the machine will got to do that alone.

The results of the analysis can't be ascertained. there's no prior knowledge within
the unsupervised method of machine learning. Additionally, the numbers of classes also
are not known. It results in the lack to determine the results generated by the analysis.

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07 Reinforcement learning
 What is reinforcement learning?
 How reinforcement learning works
 Types of reinforcement learning
 Advantage of reinforcement learning
 Disadvantage of reinforcement learning

66
What is Reinforcement Learning?

Reinforced
Response

It’s a Wrong!
It’s an It’s an
mango Noted
apple Apple

Input Response Feedback Learns

Input

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How Reinforcement Learning Works?

Reinforcement Learning

Input Raw Data Environment Output

Reward
Best Action

Selection of
State
Algorithm

Agent

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Types of Reinforcement Learning

Robot Navigation

Inventory Management

Manufacturing

Finance Sector

Gaming

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Disadvantage of Reinforcement Learning

You cannot get very specific about the definition of the info sorting and therefore the output. this is
often because the info utilized in unsupervised learning is labeled and not known. it's employment of the
machine to label and group the data before determining the hidden patterns.

Less accuracy of the results. this is often also because the input file isn't known and not labeled by
people beforehand , which suggests that the machine will got to do that alone.
The results of the analysis can't be ascertained. There's no prior knowledge within the unsupervised method
of machine learning. Additionally, the numbers of classes also are not known. It results in the lack to
determine the results generated by the analysis Reinforcement learning as a framework is wrong in many
various ways, but it's precisely this quality that creates it useful.

Too much reinforcement learning can cause an overload of states which may diminish the results.

Reinforcement learning isn't preferable to use for solving simple problems.

Reinforcement learning needs tons of knowledge and tons of computation. it's data-hungry. that's why it
works rather well in video games because one can play the sport again and again and again, so
getting many data seems feasible.

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Back Propagation Neural Network in
08 AI
 Back Propagation Neural Network in AI
 What is Artificial Neural Networks?
 What is Backpropagation?
 Why We Need Backpropagation?
 What is a Feed Forward Network?
 Types of Backpropagation Networks
 Best practice Backpropagation

71
Back Propagation Neural Network in AI

w1
i1 net out

i2 h2

b1 b2

1 2

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What is Artificial Neural Networks?

Feed-Forward

Network Inputs Network Output

Output Layer
Input Layer

Hidden Layer

Back Propagation

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What is Backpropagation Neural Networking?

Hidden Layer(s)
1
1

Input Layer w Output Layer

x 3

Difference in
x Desired Values

5
w
Backprop
Output Layer

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Why We Need Backpropagation?

Backpropagation is fast,
simple and straightforward
to program.

It has no parameters to
tune aside from the
numbers of input.
Most prominent
It is a versatile method because
Differentiato
advantages of it doesn't require prior
Backpropagation
rs knowledge about the network.
Are: It is a typical method
that generally
works well.

It doesn't need any special


mention of the features of
the function to
be learned.

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What is a Feed Forward Network?

Input Layer

Hidden Layer

Output Layer

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Types of Backpropagation Networks

 Static Back-propagation
 Recurrent Backpropagation

Static Back-propagation
It is one quite backpropagation network which
produces a mapping of a static input for static
output. it's useful to unravel static classification
issues like optical character recognition.
Recurrent Backpropagation
Recurrent backpropagation is fed forward until a hard
and fast value is achieved. Then, the error is computed
and propagated backward.

The main difference between both of those methods is: that the mapping is rapid in static back-propagation
while it's nonstatic in recurrent backpropagation

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Best Practice Backpropagation

A neural network is a group of connected it I/O units


where each connection features a weight related to its
computer programs.

Backpropagation may be a short form for "backward


propagation of errors." it's a typical method of
coaching artificial neural networks.

BACKPROPAGATION Backpropagation is fast, simple and


straightforward to program.

A feedforward neural network is a man-


made neural network.

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Expert System in Artificial
09 Intelligence
 What is an Expert System?
 Examples of Expert Systems
 Characteristic of Expert System
 Components of the expert system
 Conventional System vs. Expert system
 Human expert vs. expert system
 Benefits of expert systems
 Limitations of the expert system
 Applications of expert systems

79
Expert System in Artificial Intelligence

The Expert System in AI are computer applications. Also, with the


assistance of this development, we will solve complex
problems. it's level of human intelligence and expertise

Knowledge
Base

Knowledge
Human Expert
Engineer
Inference
Engine

User
Interface

User
(May not be an expert)
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Examples of Expert Systems

The Highest Level of Expertise Expert


 The expert system offers the very best level of experience. It provides System
efficiency, accuracy and imaginative problem-solving.

Right on Time Reaction Query


User
 An Expert System interacts during a very reasonable period of your time with
the user. the entire time must be but the time taken by an expert to urge the Interface
Advice
foremost accurate solution for an equivalent problem.
Non-expert
Good Reliability
User
 The expert system must be reliable, and it must not make any an error.
Inference
Engine
Flexible
 It is significant that it remains flexible because it the is possessed by an
Expert system.

Effective Mechanism Knowledge


 Expert System must have an efficient mechanism to administer the Base
compilation of the prevailing knowledge in it.
Knowledge
Capable of Handling Challenging Decision & Problems from an expert
 An expert system is capable of handling challenging decision problems
and delivering solutions.

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Characteristic of Expert System

High level Performance Use Symbolic Representations


 The system must be capable of  Expert systems use symbolic
responding at A level of representations for knowledge (rules,
competency adequate to or better than networks or frames) and perform their
an expert system within the field. the Adequate Response Time inference through symbolic computations
standard of the recommendation given that closely resemble manipulations
by the system should be during a high  The system should be designed in
such how that it's ready to perform of tongue
level integrity and that the performance
ratio should be also very high within alittle amount of your time , like or
better than the time taken by a
person's expert to succeed in at a choice point.
An expert system that takes a year to succeed
in a choice compared to a person's expert’s
time of 1 hour wouldn't be useful

Domain Specificity
 Expert systems are typically very domain
specific. For ex., a diagnostic expert system
for troubleshooting computers must actually Understandable
perform all the required data manipulation
as a person's expert would. The developer of  The system should be understandable i.e. be ready
such a system must limit his or her scope of to explain the steps of reasoning while executing.
the system to only what's needed to The expert system should have an
unravel the target problem. Special tools or evidence capability almost like the reasoning
programming languages are often needed to ability of human experts
accomplish the precise objectives of the
system

Good Reliability
 The expert system must be as reliable as a
person's expert

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Components of the Expert System

Explanation Inference
Engine

Knowledge Acquisition User


Base Facility Interface

Experts and
Users
Knowledge Engineers

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Conventional System vs. Expert System

Information and processing combined during a sequential file Knowledge domain break away the mechanism processing
01 01

The program isn't wrong 02 02 The program could have made an error

Need all the input file 03 03 Not necessarily need all the input/data

vs
04 04
Changes to the program are inconvenient Changes within the rule are often made with ease

05 05

The system works if it's complete The system can work only with the rule as a tittle

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Human Expert vs. Expert System

Human Experts (Artificial ) Expert Systems

Perishable Permanent

Difficult to Transfer Easy to Transfer

Difficult to Document Easy to Document

Expensive, especially top notch Affordable, costly to develop, but cheap to operate

Add Your Text Here Add Your Text Here

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Benefits of Expert Systems

Humans
Easy to Develop and Low
Emotions are not
Modify the System Accessibility Cost
Affected

Fast Error Rate


Response are Very Low

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Limitations of the Expert System

Don’t Have Decision Making Power Like Humans

Expert System is not Widely used or Tested

It cant Deal with the Mixed Knowledge

There are Chances of Errors

Its Difficult to Maintain

Its Developed for a Specific Domain

Not Able to Explain the Logic Behind the Decision

Development Cost is High

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Applications of Expert Systems

Knowledge domain (Finding out the faults in vehicles, computer)

Process Control System

Monitoring system
Repairing

Medical domain (Diagnosis


system, medical operations)

Design domain (Camera lens Shipping


design,automobile design)

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Artificial Intelligence PowerPoint Presentation Slide Template
Icons Slide

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03 Our Agenda 08 Puzzle

04 Idea Generation 09 Thank You

05 Venn

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Bar Chart

01 Product
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2015 80 100 changes automatically based on data. Just
left click on it and select “Edit Data”.

2016 100 150

2017 150 200


Years

02 Product
2018 180 230 This graph/chart is linked to excel, and
changes automatically based on data. Just
left click on it and select “Edit Data”.

2019 210 270

2020 220 350

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600
Sales in Million

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Clustered Column - Line

Product 01 Product 02
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changes automatically based on data. Just left changes automatically based on data. Just left
click on it and select “Edit Data”. click on it and select “Edit Data”.
100 6
90
5
Sales in Million

80
70 77 4
60
50 55 3
40 45
30 2
20 30
1
10
0 0
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

Years 2020

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Agenda 01
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Idea Generation

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Timeline

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2013 2015 2017 2019

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Post It Notes

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Puzzle

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Thank Contact Number

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Email Address
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