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GROUP 19
CASE PRESENTATION

seizures
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OUTLINE TOPICS COVERED

case background Pathophysiology health teaching plan Nursing management

evaluation
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CASE DISCUSSION
A six-year-old female
child is known to have a
seizure disorder. She was
brought to the
emergency department
by her mother after her
5-minute attack. Upon
interview, her mother
verbalized that she
religiously follows the
prescription of giving
her daughter valparin
200 mg, 2x daily.

Gwen is a 6-year-old
child with global
delayed syndrome and
she was diagnosed at age
of 3 with seizure
disorder, since then she
was taking the
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CASE DISCUSSION

Scenario
Progression
ER Vital signs:
• Heart rate: 80 bpm
• RR 24 cycles/min
• Temp 36.9 c
• Weight 17 kg
• O2 Saturation:
95%
 Next stage

SEIZURE VS EPILEPSY
 SEIZURE Next stage

definition Seizures can take on many forms

The brain works by sending electrical signals Tonic - Muscles stiffen.
through nerve cells. If these signals are altered or Atonic- Muscles go limp.
interrupted, it can cause a seizure. Myoclonic - There are quick, jerking movements.
Clonic- There are repeated periods of shaking or jerking movements.
Seizures come in many forms and are triggered by a
number of events and conditions. One seizure alone
doesn’t mean you have epilepsy, but if you have two Nonepileptic seizures are seizures brought on by situations that aren’t related to
or more seizures, you may be diagnosed with epilepsy. Some of the causes of nonepileptic seizures include:
epilepsy.
fever low blood sugar levels
Seizures are the primary symptom of epilepsy, but head injuries stroke
they can also be caused by a number of other events. infections like meningitis a brain tumor
choking
alcohol withdrawal
drug withdrawal
very high blood pressure
kidney or liver failure
 EPILEPSY
definition
Epilepsy is a brain condition that causes a child to
have seizures. It is one of the most common
disorders of the nervous system
The brain consists of nerve cells that communicate
with each other through electrical activity. A seizure
occurs when one or more parts of the brain has a
burst of abnormal electrical signals that interrupt
normal brain signals. Anything that interrupts the
normal connections between nerve cells in the brain
can cause a seizure
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What are common risk factors for developing epilepsy?
Stroke is one of the major causes of epilepsy that begins later in life, but many epileptic conditions
begin in childhood. Genetics plays a role in epilepsy as well.
Other factors that may increase your risk for seizures if you have epilepsy include: sleep
deprivation, poor diet, drug or alcohol use
Why do people get epilepsy?
Epilepsy can arise as a result of a number of medical conditions, injuries, or
hereditary disorders. Some examples include:
stroke
head trauma
congenital brain damage
Brain damage from lack of oxygen (hypoxic brain damage)
brain tumors
drug and alcohol use or withdrawal infections that affect the neurologic system
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Pathophysiology
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Pathophysiology
 to cry out, fall to the
ground, or experience

HEALTH strong muscle jerking

or 01
contractions.
07 12

TEACHING Focal seizures

• Simple focal seizures.
These affect just a

PLAN
1. Understanding
small part of the brain
and can have minimal
symptoms, like a
Seizures: Explain to small twitch or a
the child and their strange taste in your
mouth.
family what a • Complex focal
seizure is and its seizures. These
different types. Use involve multiple areas
age-appropriate of the brain and can
cause confusion. You
language to ensure may become
they grasp the disoriented or unable
concept. to respond from a few
seconds to a few
minutes.
• Secondary
generalized seizures.
https://www.healthline.com/health/epilepsy/
epilepsy-vs-seizure#epilepsy
These seizures begin
as a focal seizure in
one part of the brain
and progress to a
generalized seizure.
 HEALTH 2. Triggers and
01 Teach 07
Recognition: 12

TEACHING
the child and family
to identify potential
triggers that might

PLAN provoke seizures.

Encourage them to
3. Medication
recognize signs and
Management:
symptoms that
Explain
indicate the
a seizure is
importance of taking
about to occur.
antiepileptic
medications as
4. Safety Measures: prescribed. Discuss
Educate the child possible side effects
and family on and the need for
creating a safe regular monitoring
environment by by healthcare
removing sharp professionals.
objects, providing
cushioning around
furniture, and
ensuring there's
 head for a cushion.
• Turn them to their

HEALTH side to allow drool

01
or vomit to drain
07 12

TEACHING
and to help them
breathe. Don’t try to
hold someone still or

PLAN
5. Response During stop their
a Seizure: Instruct movements.
the child's family on • Make sure that the
area around the
what to do during a
person is safe, with
seizure: laying the no sharp objects that
child on their side, could cause injury.
cushioning the head, • Don’t put anything
and timing the in the mouth of a
person having a
seizure duration.
seizure. Don’t offer
Emphasize the any food or drink
importance of not until the person is
restraining the child. fully alert.
• Remove glasses and
any clothing items
that could cause
injury or
HTTPS://WWW.HEALTHLINE.COM/HEALTH/ strangulation.
EPILEPSY/EPILEPSY-VS-SEIZURE#SYMPTOMS
• Don’t try to perform
CPR or offer rescue
breaths during an
 HEALTH 6. Post-Seizure
Care: Guide01 the 07 12

TEACHING
family on how to
provide comfort and
reassurance after a

PLAN seizure. Encourage

them to keep the
7. Seizure
child calmAction
and
Plan: Help
monitor the
their
family create
condition, a
noting
seizure action plan
any changes.
in collaboration with
the child's healthcare
provider. This plan
8. Communication should outline steps
with School: If the to take during
child attends school,different seizure
advise the family to scenarios.
communicate with
the school staff
about the child's
condition and
educate them on
 HEALTH 01 07 12

TEACHING 9. Lifestyle Factors:

Discuss the

PLAN
importance of
maintaining a
healthy lifestyle
through regular
sleep patterns,
balanced nutrition,
and stress reduction
10. Regular Follow-
techniques.
up: Stress the need
for consistent
follow-up
appointments with
the child's healthcare
provider to monitor
seizure activity,
adjust medications if
necessary, and
address any
concerns.
 NURSING MANAGEMENT

• PREVENT TRAUMA/INJURY
-TEACH SO TO DETERMINE AND FAMILIARIZE WARNING
SIGNS AND HOW TO CARE FOR THE PATIENT DURING AND • IMPROVE SELF-ESTEEM
AFTER A SEIZURE ATTACK
REFRAIN FROM OVER-PROTECTING THE PATIENT; ENCOURAGE
ACTIVITIES, PROVIDING SUPERVISION AND MONITORING
• PROMOTE AIRWAY CLEARANCE WHEN INDICATED; KNOW THE ATTITUDES OR CAPABILITIES OF
SO; HELP AN INDIVIDUAL REALIZE THAT HIS OR HER FEELINGS
MAINTAIN IN LYING POSITION, A FLAT SURFACE; TURN ARE NORMAL
HEAD TO SIDE DURING SEIZURE ACTIVITY; LOOSEN
CLOTHING FROM NECK OR CHEST AND ABDOMINAL
AREAS; SUCTION AS NEEDED; SUPERVISE SUPPLEMENTAL
OXYGEN OR BAG ventilation as needed postictally.

HTTPS://NURSESLABS.COM/
SEIZURE-DISORDERS/
Next stage
 NURSING MANAGEMENT
• ENFORCE EDUCATION ABOUT THE DISEASE.

• REVIEW PATHOLOGY AND PROGNOSIS OF CONDITION AND LIFELONG NEED FOR TREATMENTS AS
INDICATED;
• DISCUSS PATIENT’S PARTICULAR TRIGGER FACTORS (FLASHING LIGHTS, HYPERVENTILATION, LOUD
NOISES, VIDEO GAMES, TV VIEWING);
• KNOW AND INSTILL THE IMPORTANCE OF GOOD oral hygiene and regular dental care;
• review medication regimen, the necessity of taking drugs as ordered, and not discontinuing therapy without physician
supervision;
• include directions for a missed dose.

HTTPS://NURSESLABS.COM/
SEIZURE-DISORDERS/
Next stage
 HIGHSCORE 2500 PLAYER 2

EVALUATION
After 32 hours of nursing intervention, the patient was able to:
• The caregiver verbalized an understanding of factors that contribute to the possibility of trauma and or suffocation and take steps to correct the
situation.
• The caregiver identified actions or measures to take when seizure activity occurs.
• The caregiver identified and corrected potential risk factors in the environment.
• The caregiver modified the environment as indicated to enhance safety.
• The caregiver maintained a treatment regimen to control or eliminate seizure activity
• The patient maintained an effective respiratory pattern with airway patent or aspiration prevented.
• The patient or caregiver demonstrated behaviors to restore positive self-esteem.
• The patient or caregiver participated in the treatment regimen or activities to correct factors that precipitated a crisis.
• The caregiver verbalized understanding of the disorder and various stimuli that may increase potentiate seizure activity.

https://nurseslabs.com/seizure-disorders/#:~:text=Maintain%20in%20lying%20position%2C%20a,bag%20ventilation%20as%20needed%20postictally.
THANK YOU!