UNIT 1 THE SELF FROM

VARIOUS PERSPECTIVE
MODULE 2 From Sociological Perspective

GROUP 2
Presentors: Delapiesa,Chen Chen and Fuentes,Rassel M.
KEY CONCEPTS
UNDERSTAND THE SOCIOLOGICAL
THEORIES OF SELF-DEVELOPMENT

EXPLAIN THE PROCESS OF

MORAL DEVELOPMENT
 THE FIVE
MONKEYS
EXPERIMENT
WHAT IS SOCIOLOGY
 sociology
is derived from the Latin word socius (companion) and the Greek word
logos (speech or reason), which together mean the study of
companionship.

A social science that studies human societies,their

interactions,and the processes that preserve and change them
CIOLOGICAL THEORIES OF SELF DEVELOPMEN
Charles Horton Cooley
was an American sociologist and the son of Thomas
M. Cooley. He studied and went on to teach
economics and sociology at the University of
Michigan, and he was a founding member and the
eighth president of the American Sociological
Association.
He is perhaps best known for his concept of the
looking glass self.
The looking glass
self
Charles Horton Cooley
It states that a person’s self grows out of society’s
interpersonal
interactions and the perceptions of others.

People shape themselves based on what other people

perceive and confirm other people’s opinion of
themselves.
 3 main components

There are three main components of the looking-glass self:

 First, we imagine how we must appear to others.
 Second, we imagine the judgment of that appearance.
 Finally, we develop our self through the judgments of
others.
George herbert mead
An American philosopher, sociologist, and
psychologist, primarily affiliated with the
University of Chicago, where he was one of
several distinguished pragmatists.meads theory
of the self is completely social.Mead
conceptualizes the mind as the individual
importation of the social process.
 Mead’s central concept is
the self:

The part of an individual’s personality composed of self-

awareness and
self-image.

Mead claimed that the self is not there at birth, rather, it is

developed
with social experience.
WHAT IS SOCIALIZATION
 “Socialization” is a term used by sociologists, social
psychologists, anthropologists, political scientists, and
educationalists to refer to the lifelong process of inheriting and
disseminating norms, customs, and ideologies, providing an
individual with the skills and habits necessary for participating
within his or her own society.
The different types of
socialization
 Group socialization
is the theory that an individual’s peer groups, rather than
parental figures, influences his or her personality and
behavior in adulthood.

Gender socialization
refers to the learning of behavior and attitudes considered
appropriate for a given sex.

Cultural socialization
refers to parenting practices that teach children about
their racial history or heritage and, sometimes, is referred
to as pride development.
DEVELOPMENT OF SELF
 Preparatory stage
children are only capable of
imitation: they have no ability
to imagine
how others see things.
 Play stage
this is followed by the play stage,
during which
children begin to take on the role that
one other person might have.
 game stage
Games develop self by allowing
individuals to understand and adhere to
the rules of activity.Self is developed
by understanding that there are rules in
which one must abide by in order to
win the game or be successful
 generalized other
Finally the children develop,
understand, and learn the idea
of the generalized other, the
common behavioral
expectations of general society.
This process is characterized by Mead as the “I” and the “me. ”

The “I” is self as subject; the “me” is self as object.

PSYCHOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES ON
SELF DEVELOPMENT
Sigmund Freud
was the founding father of
psychoanalysis, a method for
treating mental illness and also a theory
which explains human behavior. a
clinical method for treating
psychopathology through dialogue
between a patient and a psychoanalyst.
 Freud named his new theory the Oedipus complex after the
famous Greek tragedy Oedipus Rex by Sophocles. Sigmund
Freud proposed that the human psyche could be divided into
three parts:
Id, ego, and super-ego.
 THE ID (INSTINCTS)
is the completely unconscious,
impulsive, child-like portion of the
psyche
that operates on the “pleasure
principle” and is the source of basic
impulses and
drives.
 THE EGO (REALITY)
acts according to the reality
principle (it seeks to please the id’s
drive
in realistic ways that will benefit
in the long term rather than
bringing grief).
THE SUPER EGO (MORALITY)
aims for perfection. It comprises
that organized part of the
personality structure.
Jean Piaget
was a French-speaking Swiss developmental
psychologist and
philosopher known for his epistemological
studies with children.His theory of
cognitive development and epistemological
view are together called “genetic
epistemology,” the study of the origins of
knowledge.
Piaget explains the growth of characteristics and types of thinking
as the result of four
stages of development.
 The sensorimotor stage
(birth to 2 yrs old)
In this stage, infants construct
an understanding of the world by coordinating
experiences with physical
actions–in other words, infants gain knowledge
of the word from the physical
actions they perform.
 The development of object permanence is one of the
most
important accomplishments of this stage.

OBJECT PERMANENCE:
The understanding (typically developed during early infancy)
that an object still exists even when it disappears from sight, or other senses.
 The pre-operational stage
(7 to 11 yrs old)
During this stage, the child learns to
use and to
represent objects by images, words, and
drawings.
 concrete operational stage
In this stage, children develop
the appropriate use of logic and are able to
think abstractly, make rational
judgments about concrete phenomena, and
systematically manipulate symbols
related to concrete objects.
 formal operational stage
(adolescence and into
adulthood)
Intelligence is demonstrated through the logical
use of symbols related
to abstract concepts. At this point, the person is
capable of hypothetical and
deductive reasoning.
When studying the field of education Piaget identified
two processes:
accommodation
and
assimilation.
 DIFFERENCES

Assimilation is the process of taking one’s environment and

new information and fitting it into pre-existing cognitive
schemas.

Accommodation is the process of taking one’s environment and new

information, and altering one’s pre-existing schemas in order to fit in
the new information.
Lawrence Kohlberg’s Theory of
Moral Development
Moral development is an important part of the
socialization process. The term refers to the
way people learn what society considered to be
“good” and “bad,” which is important for a
smoothly functioning society.
 To understand this topic, he developed a theory of
moral development that includes three levels:
preconvention, conventional, and post conventional.
 pre conventional stage,
young children, who lack a higher level of cognitive ability,
experience the world around them only through their senses

conventional stage,
when youngsters become increasingly aware of others’ feelings and take
those into consideration when determining what’s “good” and “bad.”

post conventional,
is when people begin to think of morality
QUIZ TIME!!
Instructions: Write TRUE on the space provided if the
statement is correct. Write FALSE if otherwise.
(1/4 sheet of paper answer only)
 ____1.The Looking-glass self is a term coined by George
Herbert Mead to refer to the process by which our self
develops through internalizing others' reactions to us
____2.Sociology is derived from the Latin word socius
(companion) and the Greek word logos (speech or reason),
which together mean the study of companionship.
_____3.During the game stage, children learn to consider
several roles at the same time and how those roles interact
with each other.
 _____4.Jean Piaget was a dancer who specialized in child
development who focused specifically on the role of social
interactions in their development.
____5.The term morality refers to the way people learn what
society considered to be “good” and “bad,” which is important
for a smoothly functioning society.
____6.Ego is the completely unconscious, impulsive, child-like
portion of the psyche that operates on the “pleasure principle”
 _____7.Moral development refer to the lifelong process of
inheriting and disseminating norms, customs, and ideologies,
providing an individual with the skills and habits necessary for
participating within his or her own society.

_____8.Sigmund Freud was an Austrian neurologist who founded

the discipline of psychoanalysis
____9.Assimilation is the process of taking one’s environment
and new information and fitting it into pre-existing cognitive
schemas.

_____10.Primary Socialization occurs when a child learns the

attitudes, values, and actions appropriate to individuals as
members of a particular culture.
THANKS FOR
LISTENING!!
Delapiesa,Chen chen
Fuentes,Rassel M.