UNIT 4:

ENERGY, WORK & POWER

3.1 Energy
- Kinetic Energy
- Potential Energy
- Internal Energy
 LEARNING OUTCOME

• Apply the concepts of energy, work and

power, and their importance in the study of
physics and engineering

•Apply and perform simple energy analysis

 ENERGY
the capacity of a body to do work.
It is a scalar quantity - SI unit is Joule.
various types of energy; such as, kinetic
energy, potential energy, internal energy and
mechanical energy.
Characterictics of energy:
cannot be created or destroyed;
can only be transformed,
 energy can be transferred from a system to
another system
 ENERGY
The total energy E is the sum of all
forms of energy that can exist within
the system such as thermal,
mechanical, kinetic, potential,
electric, magnetic etc.
The discussion will focus on Kinetic
Energy, Potential Energy and also on
Internal Energy
 KINETIC ENERGY

A result of the system's motion relative to an

external reference frame; either in vertical or
horizontal motion

1 2
Kinetic Energy, K . E .  mv (J)
2
where m = mass of object
v = speed of object
 KINETIC ENERGY

Lets try :
Determine the kinetic energy of a 600-kg roller
coaster car that is moving with a speed of 10.5
m/s

KE = 0.5*m*v2
KE = (0.5) * (600 kg) * (10.5 m/s)2
KE = 33.08 kJ
 POTENTIAL ENERGY

Energy that is stored caused by gravitational,

elastic or chemical processes
The potential energy caused by gravitational
acceleration is related to two variables, the
mass of the object, m and the elevation, h.
Potential Energy, P.E.  mgh (J)
 POTENTIAL ENERGY
Lets try :

A cart is loaded with a brick and pulled at constant

speed along an inclined plane to the height of a
seat-top. If the mass of the loaded cart is 3.0 kg
and the height of the seat top is 0.45 meters, then
what is the potential energy of the loaded cart at
the height of the seat-top?

PE = m*g*h
PE = (3 kg ) * (9.8 m/s/s) * (0.45 m)
PE = 13.23 J
 INTERNAL ENERGY

The energy of a material is made up of kinetic

components (movement of the particles) and
potential components (interactions between
particles)
The internal energy, U is that energy associated
with the molecular structure of a system and
the degree of the molecular activity
INTERNAL ENERGY
 INTERNAL ENERGY

Internal energy can be defined as the sum of all

the potential energy and all the kinetic energy
of all the molecules of an object or a system.
LETS REFRESH:
NEXT LESSONS:

UNIT 3:
ENERGY, WORK & POWER

3.1 Energy – Mechanical Energy

3.2 Work
3.3 Energy Conversion Efficiency
3.4 Power