CRITICAL ANALYSIS

01
GROUP C5
KLAUDIA HARANCZYK, JAINAM SHAH,
ABDULRAZAQ USMAN, JOSHUA SINGH-HILL

Page 36 Page 1
CONTENTS PAGE INDIVIDUAL ESSAY
INTRODUCTION NAME OF PERSON

In our Fanzie, we uncovered different Lecture Themes and written

Reviews to further demonstrate our understanding and show off our
participation during the Lectures. We also underwent a multitude of
Workshops in which we engaged creatively and academically. Each
page will fill you with information and style. Welcome to our Fanzie…

Workshop 01: Fanzie in a day…………………………………………………….……Page 4

Workshop 01: Images of our Fanzie……………….……………………………….Page 5

Lecture Theme 01: Histories of the Profession……………………………….Page 6

Lecture Theme 01: Arts and Crafts: In the Golden Age……………….…..Page 7

Lecture Theme 01: The Hidden and Anonymous…………………………....Page 8

Lecture Theme 01: Contemporary Critical Practice…………………………Page 9

Workshop 02: Performing Critique……………………………………………..…Page 10

Lecture Theme 02: Women, Gender and Architecture…………….……Page 11

Lecture Theme 02: Knowledge and Norms……………………………….…..Page 12

Page 2 Page35
INDIVIDUAL ESSAY CONTENTS PAGE
NAME OF PERSON INTRODUCTION

Lecture Theme 02: Working in Neoliberal Times…………………….…….Page 13

Lecture Theme 02: Film – Traces under the Surface …………………….Page 14

Workshop 03: Visual Critique ……………………………………………….………Page 15

Workshop 04: Critical Evaluation of Text ……………………………………..Page 16

Lecture Theme 03: Italian Architects and the Future ……………….…..Page 17

Workshop 05: Writing Critique …………………………………………….……..Page 18

Workshop 06: Developing Annotated Bibliography ……………………..Page 19

Lecture Theme 03: Migrants Bureau ………………………………….………..Page 20

Lecture Theme 03: Public Works – Hester Bucks…….……….…………..Page 21

Page 34 Page 3
 WORKSHOP 01 INDIVIDUAL ESSAY
+ FANZIE IN A DAY (KLAUDIA) NAME OF PERSON

This week, we covered the topic of Fanzines. During this lecture talk, we
discovered that this graphic element could appear in many shapes or forms and
can portray different information, this could be political but also amusing to the
reader. Following this, in groups, we moved on to try and make our own Fanzines.
We were given a few questions to keep in mind whilst thinking of what we’d go
ahead and create for this workshop. These questions were as follows.

 What did you think an architect was/ looked like/ did before you came to
UCA?
 What do you think about it now?

In our group discussions, we discussed our views on Architects' appearances and

what we thought that would consist of before we attended UCA and how our
opinion might’ve varied afterwards. When talking about our previous views, we
kept circling back to this idea of an office, we thought this was interesting as the
majority have commented that they thought an architect would be dressed head
to toe in a smart suit and tie uniform or a pencil skirt. We also discussed how an
architect would mainly be assumed to be a man. We then discussed what our
views are now, and this heavily changed. We were now describing a funky-looking
man or woman with some sort of scarf, crazy hair, and a big backpack, in other
words, much more casual and comfortable in comparison to a suit. Once we
collected all this information, we proceeded to make a little handbook which
showed our views before and after followed by the front cover which related back
to our idea of an office. Overall, our approach was successful. It was quite sketchy
and hand created which gave it its own uniqueness.

Joshua’s comment:

In this workshop, we discussed what the identity of an architect is to us. As

individuals within the group, we realised that before coming to university, we
thought of architects as white men in suits, but the more we learnt about
architecture, the more our ideas changed into the idea of a more relaxed-
appearing individual who wears more comfortable clothes than a suit.

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INDIVIDUAL ESSAY WORKSHOP 01
NAME OF PERSON +IMAGES OF THE FANZIE

Page 32 Page 5
LECTURE THEME 01 INDIVIDUAL ESSAY
+ HISTORIES OF THE PROFESSION NAME OF PERSON
(JAINAM)

Page 6 Page 31
INDIVIDUAL ESSAY LECTURE THEME 01
+ ARTS AND CRAFTS: IN THE GOLDEN
NAME OF PERSON
AGE (ABDULRAZAQ)
A Guild is an association of craftsmen or merchants formed for symbiotic
aid and protection for the furtherance of their common interests in arts
and crafts. Around the 11th century in Europe was the period in which the
concept of guilds rose to prominence. Guilds would later prove to be an
important layer of the socioeconomic fabric of society. One of such Guild
was the Art Workers’ Guild, an organisation established in the 19th
century by a group of British painters, sculptors, architects and designers
associated with the ideas of William Morris and the revolutionary Arts
and Crafts movement. The guild stood for the “unity of all the arts”,
refusing to acknowledge the differences between pure art and applied
art. The arts and crafts movement was a movement that emerged during
the late Victorian period in England, the most industrialised country on
the planet at that time. The movement quickly became an international
trend in the decorative and fine arts that developed the quickest in the
British Isles and subsequently spread across the British empire to
mainland Europe and eventually to America. The arts and crafts
movement was created to oppose the perceived depletion of decorative
arts and the declining conditions in which they were produced. The arts
and crafts movement also aimed to reform design in mid-19th century
Britain due to a perceived decline in standards of production of finishes
commodities associated with machinery and factory production, a
concern later echoed by the sight of items displayed at the great
exhibition which appeared highly artificial. The movement would
eventually have a strong influence on the style of British architectural
practice which was initially known as “the modern style” but later became
known as the “Art Nouveau movement”. The speed of the movement
continued and went beyond Europe and America and into Japan where it
was dubbed the “Mingei Movement”. It stood for a more traditional form
of craftsmanship and often involved the use of medieval or folk styles of
decoration and design.

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LECTURE THEME 01 INDIVIDUAL ESSAY
+ THE HIDDEN AND ANONYMOUS NAME OF PERSON
(ABDULRAZAQ)
Critics in architecture have always played a crucially important but
behind-the-scenes role in the development of architecture. They are
individuals who often engage professionally in the analysis, evaluation, or
appreciation of works of architecture. The work of architectural critics is
usually not recognised by mainstream media. They often work away from
the limelight. The concept of critics in architecture may seem foreign but
they have a lengthy history in the practice. Understanding the role of
critics in architecture is highly important in expanding our general
knowledge of the profession. Architectural critics are usually behind the
production of architectural magazines, radio broadcasts, and other forms
of media which enabled not just architects, but individuals working in
fields closely related to architecture, such as civil engineers and simply
individuals who have interests in building ingenuity and innovation learn
about new relevant projects and current advancements in the
architectural design sector. The role of critics has played a hugely
important role in the development of British architecture. One individual
who was named J.M Richards was one of the leading pioneers of critics in
architecture. Born in the early parts of the 20th century to his father Louis
Saurin Richards, who was a solicitor and his mother Lucy denes. J.M
Richards trained as an architect in the architectural association. He
worked at J.Lyons and Co, assisting Oliver Percy Bernard before working as
an architectural assistant for Engineer Owen Williams. Although he
worked in architectural practice, his main career and passion were writing
about architecture. He published numerous books as well as served as the
editor of the Architectural Review, a media firm focused on architecture,
from 1937 to 1971, the lengthiest period in office of any of its editors. J.M
Richards often had valid takes on the role of architects in society. He
argued that architecture should revolve more around the general public
as opposed to architects alone which are significantly important in
understanding the rapidly changing needs of prospective clients and users
of architectural work.

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INDIVIDUAL ESSAY LECTURE THEME 01
NAME OF PERSON +CONTEMPORARY CRITICAL PRACTICE
(ABDULRAZAQ)
There has always been a question of who architects work for, but in truth,
there isn’t a definitive answer. To understand who architects work for we
must first know who an architect is. They develop concepts for structures
and then team up with engineers to make sure the designs can function
as desired in their intended setting or project goal. Beyond the
operational standards, Architects must also ensure the safety criteria are
met to ensure the absolute safety of the eventual user or client. An
architect must also be fully involved in a project from start to finish to
ensure high quality innovative and functional design. From the above
definitions, Architect has multiple roles to fulfil and must work for not just
the client, but for others in the field of building technology and for all of
society at large. The most basic and foremost principles of an architect are
to make money and provide shelter. The link between architecture and
politics was also discussed as the broad spectrum in which our politics
covers our everyday lives. The concept of politics being part of everyday
life was quite foreign as the idea of politics is more than just individuals
contesting for political office but politics being the reasoning behind every
action taken. The concept of critical thinking was also brought up. One of
the main proponents of critical thinking was the Frankfurt school, this was
a school of social theory and critical philosophy associated with the
institute for social research, at Goethe University, Frankfurt in 1929. The
Frankfurt School was initially made up of intellectuals, academics and
political non-conformists not impressed by the contemporary socio-
economic system. Gender became an explicit component of this work.
Established disciplines were challenged by the perpetuation of patriarchal
images of women and their practice of excluding women’s cultural
production. An effort was made to redress the absence of women’s lives,
experiences, and creative work from history, in the process new feminist
forms of analysis and alternative ways of reading culture, were
introduced.

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WORKSHOP 02 INDIVIDUAL ESSAY
+ PERFORMING CRITIQUE (KLAUDIA) NAME OF PERSON

In this Workshop, our team was faced with a task to debate between other groups
on the economic effects of Coal Mines and whether they should continue to be
used. We were given a charity which was against Coal usage called “South Lake
Action”. After initial research on this cooperation, we discovered their aims are to
increase awareness of local and global issues surrounding Climate Change and
Peak Oil, Reduction of overall Green House Gas emissions and dependence on
Fossil Fuels and lastly, to take every reasonable step to minimise the Green House
Gas emissions resulting from the groups’ activities. Following this step, we were
presented with three sheets of paper with different approaches to demonstrate
our charity aims and values and persuade different groups to follow our cause to
limit Coal usage worldwide. Each of these sheets said something different, one
was a “Private Letter” which was our way of potentially creating an alliance to
further help us with our cause, followed by a “Public Letter” which demonstrated
our cause Publicly and further Spread our message with other groups to get them
to switch over to our side. Lastly, we were presented with an “Active Design”
which was a creative way our group could engage the general public to understand
and follow our cause. These letters were used in our debates with other teams
which were for Coal Mines. These debates were competitive, but fun to
participate in as we found out a lot of information from opposing teams which
were valid towards our cause. For instance, we spoke with a team which were
standing up for the workers, as much as they supported Coal Mining, the only
reason for this was due to their employment, no Coal Mining no job. They did
speak on underpayment in this job description whilst fully acknowledging the
health risks which come with this work. This helped us further with our
ammunition towards the Coal Miners as they not only damage the environment
but also disregard their employee's health. Overall, this activity was helpful and
fun to engage in.

Joshua’s comment:

This seminar allowed us the opportunity to see different ethics from different
views and perspectives in regard to the development of the coal mine in White
Haven, taking stances of either the workers union, the coal mine, the council or
separate charities and organisations.

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INDIVIDUAL ESSAY LECTURE THEME 02
+ WOMEN, GENDER AND
NAME OF PERSON
ARCHITECTURE (KLAUDIA)
In this Lecture, we discussed The Brits who built the Modern
World. A part of this group was Michael and Patty Hopkins. They
were a married couple who worked together on the exhibition.
They were well-known together as well as individually. They built
the Hopkins House, London, in 1976 as their home and office until
they had to upgrade due to the business growing in size. However,
Patty Hopkins wasn’t credited for the group's work, in fact, she was
cropped out of a picture with all of them, leaving only the men in
the frame. Similarly, we spoke of Team 4 which consisted of 3
males and two females. Only men were credited in the project,
Creak Veen, even though they were only allowed to practice due to
the presence of a woman who had an architectural licence in the
group. We then uncovered some statistics relating to women in
architecture. This consisted of students entering architecture
education identifying as female in 2021 (51.5%), Registered
architects under 30 identifying as female in 2019 (50%) and
Registered architects in the UK identifying as female in 2019 (29%).
We continued to discuss why women leave their architectural
professions and uncovered these reasons to be as follows, Side-
lining, No Scope for Creativity, Macho Culture, Poor Conditions,
Regulation, Wrong Career, Inflexible, Low Pay, Long Hours and
Motherhood and further looked into each of these factors and
how they affect women on a regular basis. Lastly, we looked at
Media Representation towards Female Architects and how Zaha
Hadid was portrayed in the media due to her sex.

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LECTURE THEME 02 INDIVIDUAL ESSAY
+ KNOWLEDGE AND NORMS (KLAUDIA) NAME OF PERSON

In this Lecture, we explored how information was accessed back in

Early Modern Europe as well as the History of buildings. To begin
with, we uncovered that the main source of information and
reaching knowledge would be through books, which were found to
be a difficult task. Many of these books were written in Latin which
only a minority were able to understand, read and speak. On top
of that, Reading was a skill known only to the fortunate ones which
unfortunately meant not everyone had the opportunity to be able
to read books and gather information from them. We then
discussed the downside of the grand narrative was that it existed
by virtue of a very strict selection. Any building or building style
that did not fit as a ‘link’ in the chain of development was
considered unimportant, receiving little attention, or disregarded
altogether. Following this, we discussed some examples in history,
these were La Petite Cabane, Parthenon, Acropolis and The Tate
Modern. Finally, to finish off the Lecture we looked at women in
architecture and how they're seen in this profession.
Unfortunately, women are known to be the anomalies in
architecture and are often defined by their appearance. For
example, Women Architect, Black Architect, Black Women
Architect etc. This emphasises that women need to work harder to
be seen as more than just a woman doing a man’s job which is
unfortunate in this day and age.

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INDIVIDUAL ESSAY LECTURE THEME 02
NAME OF PERSON + WORKING IN NEOLIBERAL TIMES
(KLAUDIA)
In this Lecture, we were uncovering the works in Neoliberal Times and
touched base with the meaning of Neoliberalism as well as Precarious
Work. We have dived into some well-known Economists to get a better
understanding of the Topic. To start the Lecture, we explored Adam
Smith, 1723 – 1790, who was most known for his ideas of “Free
Market” economics, Prosperity through competition as well as
individual and rational choice. Shortly after, we looked at Friedrich
Hayek, 1889 – 1992, who believed that free markets allowed for
creativity, innovation, and entrepreneurship, which were necessary for
societies to bloom and citizens to prosper. Lastly, we spoke about
Milton Friedman, 1912 – 2006, who supported marketisation and
privatisation. Following that, we explored the Precarious Labour and
Gig Economy and how this affects creative practices such as
Architecture and Design, these can be seen through short-term
contracts, working on a project-by-project basis as well as often being
self-employed and working on a freelance basis which causes
insecurity to monthly income and creates an unstable relation for the
employees. Due to short-term contracts offered to many Architects,
many find themselves denied sick pay, holiday pay, maternity pay as
well as a pension. Combining all these factors creates an inability to
plan long-term and causes distress to the employees. To end the
Lecture, we uncovered the meaning of Precarious work and how
Architects are exploited in their profession. This is due to the blur of
boundaries between work and leisure. Architects find themselves
thinking about their work as art or a vocation which can lead to long
working hours and little pay, this is due to work not being classified as
labour and therefore not paid for and instead is seen as a vacation.
Due to this Architectural Workers are campaigning to end overwork,
suitable pay, and fair employment.

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LECTURE THEME 02 INDIVIDUAL ESSAY
+ FILM – TRACES UNDER THE SURFACE NAME OF PERSON
(ABDULRAZAQ)
This was a short film about the 2020 lockdown imposed by the
Chinese government on its citizens amidst the coronavirus outbreak.
The film showed the strict measures that were put in place to enforce
the lockdown rules were obeyed. It also sheds light on the ability of
people as a society to find ways around challenges. The restrictions
forced the people to be creative in their use and interpretation of both
private and public spaces, for example, individuals were able to find
ways to get pedicures and manicures done by professionals through
steel gates. It also revealed how people reacted to barriers, both
physical and non-physical. The concept of psychogeography was
introduced to me for the first time. It is quite an uncommon term due
to its unusual nature. Psychogeography, as the name implies is a mix of
psychology and geography to create a mental map that can be used for
varying purposes but mainly on our psychological experiences of
certain spaces or environments to reveal forgotten, marginalised or
abandoned aspects of the urban environment. The term
“psychogeography” was first coined in the year 1955 by French
theorist Guy Debord. While it emerged from a situationist
international movement in France, the practice has far-reaching
implications in other parts of the world like Sydney where it is
practised. The mappings created from psychogeography help to
compile personal narratives about urban space, hence allowing new
interpretations of the urban landscape. The use of psychogeography
historically also points towards curbing the crime rate of affected areas
by the government employing experts to create mental maps of
different areas. The ever-expanding phenomenon that is
psychogeography has already been adopted by cities like London,
which has long been inhabited by psychogeography ideas. While
unusual, psychogeography may hold the key to solving basic problems
in urban environments.

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INDIVIDUAL ESSAY WORKSHOP 03
NAME OF PERSON + VISUAL CRITIQUE (KLAUDIA)

In this Workshop, we were challenged to dissect UCA’s Map and uncover

different aspects of it and record it onto an A3 sheet in a creative way.
These were our pointers to keep in mind whilst attempting this exercise.

 Identify areas you do not feel welcomed or have never been to.
 Visit the areas, observe, and identify the factors, physical or non-
physical, that have stopped you from entering that area.

Our group discussed potential factors that could have stopped us from
entering an area or made us feel unwelcomed and came up with these
ideas, security, walls, accessibility, time, and atmosphere. We then walked
around the campus to gather photographs and get a feel of areas which
we do not usually walk past. We gathered information regarding areas
which were restricted with access or were open to certain students, these
areas were not welcoming to anyone else. We also felt the atmosphere in
the Fashion areas to be cold and judgemental unless you were a Fashion
student. After gathering a sufficient amount of information, we made our
way back to the studio and focused on making an abstract map of the
UCA. We cut out the areas that gained no entry or were locked away from
us as well as not welcoming areas. We printed out photographs which
further showed the information we observed on our walk. Some
comments were written about the areas we visited and how the
atmosphere reflected onto us and how it made us feel. All this was stuck
onto an A3 sheet and presented to the class at the end of the day.

Joshua’s comment:

In this seminar, we walked around the university campus to map where

we as students have been/feel comfortable. We showed our emotions on
a psychogeographic map that gave a more personal touch to geographic
location instead of just objective information on a piece of paper.

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WORKSHOP 04 LECTURE THEME 03
+ CRITICAL EVALUATION OF TEXTS + PUBLIC WORKS – HESTER BUCKS
(KLAUDIA) (JOSHUA)
In this Seminar, we discussed why we need to look critically at texts, how using Hester Bucks has worked to achieve a better, more sustainable urban
good sources helps our work, the value of reading lists as well as developing a set environment in the UK. Performing works in Hackney Wick and Poplar
of skills and tools to help us think critically. Further, into our discussion, we were
with the organisation Public Works, Hester tried to show local
presented with the skill of evaluating sources and things to consider when reading
a source. These things consisted of Author, Publication, Editing/ Review Process, residents how to perceive the unused and open spaces surrounding
Date and Audience. When looking into these factors, we narrowed down each of their homes in a new light that allows for a more sustainable way of
the factors and looked at them in more detail. These consisted of Author – who living. In such projects, there was an instance where there was an
are they, their field, expertise. Publication – who published it, and are they open lane, gated off to the public and only open to the residents in
reputable? Editing/review – what process has this been through? Date – how does that surrounding block. Whilst most of the families did not have
this impact how you value the source? Audience – who is the intended audience,
children and therefore opposed the idea of play area designs, most
and does this affect your use of the source
families were open and found interest in the use of moss to promote
For our exercise, we were given a publication and were tasked to find out and support an eco-beneficial design to the lane. Moss, as Hester has
information on the source whilst covering each of the bullet points to help us. The researched, is extremely beneficial and under-utilised in the modern
author that wrote the publication was Caroline Perez. She’s an activist, journalist, world for creating clean air. Similar to people, moss is seen to breathe
and feminist author. Perez has a big social media presence and published a book in Nitrogen and Carbon molecules and perspire clean air. In this
on the same subject which was covered in the publication (invisible women). She’s
regard, it is highly uncontrollable as it is not like the formulae that
an academic that went to university and studied humanity and human behaviour.
She seemed like a trustworthy person to comment on the issue. The publication horticulture might follow, but this is no excuse to see how the future is
was the most reliable and trusted online. When it comes to Editing, the guardian bright and mossy.
themselves edit the articles which could be seen as biased. Someone who isn’t
passionate about the topic could be editing a powerful piece which could have
important information taken out of it. When it comes to the date of publication
2019 was the year when the pay gap between men and women was discussed. She
was a part of a bigger conversation as a lot of campaigning was happening around
that time. Lastly, our group believed the audience for this source would be
introductory and general to further spread the information to people who wouldn’t
know the message.

Joshua’s comment:

In this workshop, we discussed the importance of critical analysis and looked into
how to do it effectively; exploring the nature of the author, the source and the
credibility of the publisher. Using this we are expected to create an effective
analysis of text for future purposes.

Page 16 Page 21
LECTURE THEME 03
+ MIGRANTS BUREAU (JOSHUA)
Alisha Fisher is the founding director of Migrant’s Bureau (MB), an
organisation that works to promote equity in all spaces, especially
for people of colour and of migrant status in receiving fair
treatment that should be expected for all individuals, regardless of
colour or culture. MB has worked in local areas of the UK like
Croydon; a diverse area in South London, to more culturally
different areas like Riyadh in Saudi Arabia. Separately from their
more global projects, MB has focused on issues like Gender Equity,
Women Equity and overall equity for diverse and marginalised
communities. Whether it is working for the freedom to allow
women to feel safe to breastfeed in public or supporting black
communities who are discriminated against in the housing sector,
Migrant’s Bureau is vocal and active about improving these
situations. As of March 2023, Migrant’s Bureau has accomplished a
total of 11 projects, only being founded in 2019, which is a
substantial amount of work to accomplish in a little under 4 years.
It was also made clear that Alisha supports the idea that taboo
subjects within architecture, such as the termination of projects or
funding, are important subjects that need to be spoken about
more if the change is to be accomplished.
Page 20
LECTURE THEME 03
+ ITALIAN ARCHITECTS AND THE
FUTURE (JOSHUA)
Cat Rossi speaks about how Marxist-oriented architecture
throughout the Italian Architectural History of the 1900s looked at
concepts like Radical Design and Anti-Design to create statements
against the industry, the marketplace and the philosophy of what it
is to be an architect. Through the works of Superstudio, we are
shown the ability to transform space using techniques like the grid
to give us a better understanding of our spatial awareness with
artistic movements that would be regularly mixed together for a
stronger effect. One instance, as discussed in the talk, was a mix of
art styles to create a sofa that would be placed in the ground,
known as the Bazaar Sofa. It was meant to take a poke at the
marketplace of the time, being displayed in Casabella. However, it
took popularity and became the very thing it meant to mock; a
manufactured product. This stance is the type of thing that
Superstudio was aiming to achieve; psychedelic statements and
unfinished projects to show the public the idiocies of the
conformities that we are all victims to. Hence came revolutionary
architecture and design through works shown in Triennale di
Milano; a gallery that ironically was overtaken by radical protesters
in 1968.
Page 17
WORKSHOP O5 WORKSHOP 06
+ WRITING CRITIQUE (JOSHUA) + DEVELOPING ANNOTATED
BIBLIOGRAPHY
(JAINAM)
In this Seminar, we spoke about the possibilities of AI and how far
it has come but also the possible dangers of what it as a tool
proposes to academic fields and careers. Using ‘ChatGPT’, we
tested out the capabilities of the AI service to write an essay on a
given prompt that we then spoke about and discussed the issues
and comments on. We realised very quickly that despite the
incredible lack of credibility given by the AI, it was scary how fast
and apparently accurate the generated essay was on the topic of
Italian Architecture in the field of 19th-century architecture. We
then discussed any code of conduct that we would implement in
an educational setting to ensure safety and credibility in writing
essays and producing work. Our group came to an essentially
unanimous decision to just not allow any AI. Misconstrued as we
wanted to ignore the issue of AI, we really felt like it was not
ignorance, but also not conformity to a piece of technology that is
scary in the potential for danger and misuse, similar to gun crime.
We agreed to be educated on the usage of it and the dangers but Joshua’s comment:
to not add to the problem.
We looked at furthering our analysis of text from our previous
seminar and looked at comparing two separate texts of our
choosing to show our understanding of text analysis and
comparison. These are our annotated bibliography that we have
created from suggested readings related to speakers we have
listened to.

Klaudia’s comment:

In this Seminar, we further looked at the Critical Analysis of text

and began testing out our abilities to write before Formative
submission.
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