Lung cancer

Lung cancer
• Uncontrolled growth of malignant cells in one
or both lungs and tracheo bronchial tree
• As a result repeated carcinogenic irritation
cause increased rates of cell replication
• Proliferation
 epidemiology
• Decreased incidence in men/ increase in
women
• More death in lung cancer than prostate in
men/ uterine cervix cancer in women
 Women and lung cancer
• More women smoke more cancer/ 12% new
cases
• An increase in 150% btn 1974
 source
• Radiation
• Smoking
• Environment/occupation exposure
• Asbestors/radon/ passive smoke
 Tobacco use
• 90% related you smoking
• Leading cause
• Age of smoking
• Gender
• Amount and duration
• Products smoking
• Depth of inhalation
 spread
• Lymph nodes
• Brain
• Liver
• Adrenals
• Gland and bones
• 40%
 diagnosis
• Hx and physical exam
• Diagnostic test- chest x-ray,
biopsy( bronchoscopy, needle biopsy, surgery)
• Staging tests
• CT chest/abdomen
• Bone scan
• Bone marrow aspiration
• PET scan- radioactive glucose to pick up
metastasize
 symptoms
• Cough
• Dyspnea
• Hemoptysis
• Recurrent infection
• Chest pain/ pressure or obstruction
 Syndromes regional metastases
• Esophageal compression/
• Laryngeal nerve paralysis/
• Symptomatic nerve paralysis/
• Cervical/thoracic nerve invasion-pan coast
syndrome
• Lymphatic obstruction/pleural effusion
• Vascular obstruction/SVC syndrome
• Pericardial /cardiac tamponade-effusion
tamponade
 Two lung cancer cells, classified
• Non small lung ca • Small cell lung ca
• Adeno carcinoma • Oat cell
• Squamous cells ca • Intermediate
• Large cell ca
 staging
• Early stage ( I&II)
• Late stage
 Metastatic dx to lung
• Pulmonary metastasis are present
 Prognosis of lung metastasis
• Lung metastasis poor prognosis sign
• Half pts with lymphagitis carcinomatosis-
lymphatic spread to lungs
• Good prognosis tumors though are present
• Isolated metastasis can be selected e.g.