WEEK 1

4 QUARTER
TH
MATHEMATICS 10
 MEASURES OF
TENDENCY

MEAN MODE
MEDIAN

Characteristics of a data
• The average of a data set
• Sum of all the data divided by the total number of the
data
•MEAN
Example: 18, 24, 36, 45, 15
Mean = (18+24+36+45+15) ÷ 5
= 27.6
• Middle number in a sorted, ascending or
descending list of numbers
• Arrange the data set in increasing or decreasing
order and look at the middle one.
• Example: 5, 2 5, 16, 8, 34
MEDIAN
5, 8, 16, 25, 34 16
• The number / value that appears most
often
MODE
Example: 2, 3, 5, 7, 8, 9, 5, 7, 3, 4,
7
7
 MEASURES
OF POSITION
OBJECTIVES
• Illustrates the following measures of position:
Quartiles, Deciles, and Percentiles.
• Find the quartile value using Mendenhall and
Sincich Method and Linear Interpolation
method.
 What do you do when you’re lost?

Picture References:
Compass image - Vectorstock.com GPS Image – 123rf.com
MEASURES OF POSITION

• Give us a way to see where a certain data point or value falls in a

sample or distribution.
• A measure can tell us whether a value – average, high or low.
• Used for quantitative data that falls on some numerical scale.
• Sometimes, measures can be applied to ordinal variables – like
first, second…fiftieth.
 MEASURE OF
POSITION

Quartiles Percentiles
Deciles

a technique that divide a set of data into equal

 QUARTILES The whole distribution is
100%.

1st 2nd 3rd 4th

a. 25% of the data c. 75% of the
has a value ≤ Q1 Q1 Q2 Q3 data has a value
≤ Q3
LOWER UPPER QUARTILE
QUARTILE
MEDIAN

b. 50% of the data has a

value ≤ x̅ or Q2
The difference between Q3 and Q1 is the
INTERQUARTILE RANGE.
DECILES
DECILES

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
% % % % % % % % % %
D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 D8 D9

The whole distribution is

100%.
 PERCENTILES

1% 2% 3% 4% 99%
P1 P 2 P 3 P4 P99
The whole distribution is
100%.
EQUALITY ON MEASURES OF
POSITION

Q2Q=31D
=5PD=75
D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 DP D D
25 50 6 7 8 9
D10
P10 P20 P30 P40 P50 P60 P70 P80 P90 P100
25% = 75%
50%
75% 25%
50%
 WHAT IS UNGROUPED DATA?

• A data collected in original form.

• An array of numbers.

Example: 1, 5, 4, 6, 4, 3, 2, 1, 7, 3
TWO METHODS OF FINDING THE QUARTILE
VALUE

1. Mendenhall and Sincich

Method
2. Linear Interpolation
 1. MENDENHALL AND SINCICH METHOD

• First calculate the position of the quartiles.

• You use the following formulas (n = number of values)
For the position of
For the position of
Note: If the number is not a whole number you round off to the
nearest integer, with one exception:
if you get .5 at Q3 you round down.
EXAMPLE:
1. FIND THE LOWER QUARTILE AND UPPER QUARTILE OF THE
FOLLOWING TEST SCORES OF NINE STUDENTS IN THEIR
MATHEMATICS ACTIVITY: 1, 27, 16, 7, 31, 7, 30, 3, AND 21.
S1: Arrange (ascending) 1, 3, 7, 7, 16, 21, 27, 30, 31
S2: Computation:
Lower Quartile: Position of Therefore, 25% of the test
scores of nine students in
their Mathematics activity
are less than or equal to 7.

Q1 = 7
EXAMPLE:
1. FIND THE LOWER QUARTILE AND UPPER QUARTILE OF THE
FOLLOWING TEST SCORES OF NINE STUDENTS IN THEIR
MATHEMATICS ACTIVITY: 1, 27, 16, 7, 31, 7, 30, 3, AND 21.

Upper Quartile:
Position of
Therefore, 75% of the test
scores of nine students in
their Mathematics activity are
less than or equal to 27.
Q3 = 27
 2. LINEAR INTERPOLATION

• Interpolation is the process of finding a value

between two points on a line or curve.
• “ Inter” means “enter”
• It is useful in finding the quartiles as sometimes the
quartile point will be in between two numbers.
STEPS IN IDENTIFYING THE QUARTILE
USING LINEAR INTERPOLATION

1. Arrange the data in ascending order.

2. Locate the position of the score in the distribution.
Position of
3. If the result is a decimal number, proceed for the
interpolation
 STEPS OF
INTERPOLATION
1. Find the difference between the two values wherein
Qk is situated.
2. Multiply the result by the decimal obtained in Step 2
in identifying the quartile using linear interpolation.
3. Add the result in the smaller number in Step 1.
EXAMPLE: 1. FIND THE LOWER QUARTILE AND UPPER QUARTILE
OF THE FOLLOWING TEST SCORES OF NINE STUDENTS IN THEIR
MATHEMATICS ACTIVITY: 1, 27, 16, 7, 31, 7, 30, 3, AND 21.

Lower Quartile:
Step 1: Arrange (ascending): 1 , 3 , 7 , 7 , 1 6 , 2 1 , 2 7 , 3 0 , 3 1
Step 2: Locate the position of the score in the distribution.
Position of Q1 =

Interpolation is
needed
Position of Q1 = 2.5
 1, 3, 7, 7, 16, 21, 27, 30, 31
2 .5th
Steps of Interpolation
1. Find the difference between the two values wherein Qk is situated.

7–3=4
2. Multiply the result by the decimal obtained in Step 2

4 (0.5) = 2
3. Add the result in the smaller number in Step 1.

3+2=5
Q1 = 5
 Upper Quartile:
Step 1: Arrange 1 , 3 , 7 , 7 , 1 6 , 2 1 , 2 7 , 3 0 , 3 1
Step 2: Locate the position of the score in the distribution.
Position of Q3 = 3/4 (n + 1)
= 3/4 (9 + 1)
= 3/4 (10)
Position of Q3 = 7.5 Interpolation is
needed
 1, 3, 7, 7, 16, 21, 27, 30, 31
7.5th
1. 30 – 27 = 3
2. 3 (0.5) = 1.5
3. 27 + 1.5 = 28.5

Q3 = 28.5
Therefore, 75% of the test scores of nine
students in their Mathematics activity are
less than or equal to 28.5.
NOW ITS YOUR
TURN!
Find the lower quartile and
upper quartile of the following
1. Find the lower quartile and upper
quartile of the following test scores of
seven students in their mathematics
activity: 5, 7, 4, 4, 6, 2, and 8

Q1 = 4 Q3 = 7
1. Find the lower quartile and upper quartile
of the following test scores of 12 students in
their mathematics activity: 2, 5, 6, 7, 10, 22,
13, 14, 16, 65, 45, and 12

Q1 = 11.5 Q3 = 20
1. Find the lower quartile and upper
quartile of the following test scores of nine
students in their mathematics activity:
3, 7, 8, 5, 12, 14, 21, 13 and 18

Q1 = 6 Q3 = 16
 MEASURES OF POSITION
QUARTILES – FOUR EQUAL PARTS
DECILES – TEN EQUAL PARTS
PERCENTILES – 100 EQUAL PARTS
METHODS IN FINDING THE QUARTILE VALUE
1. MENDENHALL AND SINCICH METHOD
2. LINEAR INTERPOLATION
 INDIVIDUAL ACTIVITY
Find the first /upper quartile , second quartile, and third quartile, given the
scores of 30 students in their Math activities using Linear Interpolation.
5038 40 43 45 37
30 32 47 51 47 51
49 42 48 40 43 42
44 52 41 41 40 38
39 39 36 35 36 53