DISCOURSE

ANALYSIS
 OVERVIEW

A. Introduction
B. Characteristics
C. Steps
D. Data Collection and Analysis
E. Application
F. Advantages
G. Disadvantages
 What is a Discourse?
According to Androutsopoulos (2011),discourse
is defined as language-in-us or spoken language
that comes about from communication that
takes place naturally in social context.
 Introduction

The analysis (sometimes called conversation analysis)

seeks to understand the rules, mechanisms, and
structure of conversations. Discourse analysts are
interested in understanding the action that a given kind
of talk “performs”.
 Characteristics
• Natural Setting - Researchers tend to collect data in the
field at the site where participants experience the issue or
problem under study.
• Researcher as key instrument - Researchers collect
data themselves through examining documents, observing
behavior, or interviewing participants.
• Multiple sources of data - Researchers typically gather
multiple forms of data, such as interviews, observations,
and documents, rather than rely on a single data source.
 Characteristics
• Inductive Data Analysis - Researchers build their patterns,
categories, and themes From the bottom up, by organizing the data
into increasingly more abstract units of information.
• Participants’ meaning - In the entire qualitative research process,
the researcher keeps a Focus on learning the meaning that the
participants hold about the problem or issue.
• Emergent Design - The research process for qualitative researchers
is emergent. This means that the initial plan for research cannot be
tightly prescribed, and all phases of the process may Change or shift
after the researcher enters the field and begins to collect data.
 Characteristics
• Theoretical Lens - Researchers often use lens to view
their studies, such as the Concept of culture, central to
ethnography, or gendered, racial, or class differences.
• Interpretative - Research is a form of interpretive inquiry
in which researchers make An interpretation of what they
see, hear, and understand.
• Holistic Accountant - Researchers try to develop a
complex picture of the problem or issue under study.
 Steps
Step 1: Decide on your discourse analysis approach

Step 2: Undertake background reading about discourse analysis and about the topic you
want to study (both within and outside of the health/medical field).

Step 3: Design/decide the type of collection method and in gathering your data you
wished to study

Step 4: Investigate the context

Step 5: Start writing preliminary analyses, moving between writing, reading and
analyzing.

Step 6: Continue redrafting analyses, being prepared to return to earlier steps as needed.
 Data
Collection
and Analysis
 Data
Collection
and Analysis
 Data
Collection
and Analysis
 Data
Collection
and Analysis
 Data
Collection
and Analysis
 Application
WHEN TO USE
When you wish to analyze the functions and underlying meanings of
language in context or draw meaning from language in context.

WHEN NOT TO USE

(1) under-analysis through summary
(2) under-analysis through taking sides
(3) under-analysis through over-quotation or through isolated quotation
(4) the circular identification of discourses and mental constructs
(5) false survey
(6) analysis that consists in simply spotting features.
 Advantages
 Discourse analysis helps researchers uncover the motivation behind a
text by allowing them to view a problem from a higher stance.

 It helps to understand the function of language and how discourse can

be used to foster positive social change.

 It can reveal insights that lie beyond the scope of quantitative research
methods.
 Disadvantages
 There are different approaches to discourse analysis, so choosing the
most suitable method for a setting can be challenging.
 Some have argued that it is nothing more than a deconstructive reading
of a text to understand its underlying meaning—it does not provide
answers to questions based on scientific research.
 Interpretation is subjective.
 There’s no unified framework for interpretation.
 Because analysis and interpretation are done manually, it can be very
time-consuming.
Mollejon Et.Al 2022

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