Professional Documents
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Robbins Fom9 Ppt04
Robbins Fom9 Ppt04
Problem:
sự khác biệt giữa trạng thái hiện tại và mong
muốn.
Decision implementation:
putting a decision into action.
Nonprogrammed:
Repetitive decisions that can be handled
using a routine approach
• Certainty
• Risk
• Uncertainty
700 Break-Even
Point Profit
600
Total
500 Costs
Variable
400 Costs
Loss
300
Fixed Costs
200
Sales (units
100 in hundreds)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Decision Tree
Example: First-Year Decision Tree for Nightclub Owner
Conditional Expected
Possible Alternatives States of Nature Values Values
) $100,000
(0.6
a son
d se
o
Go
y Po $56,000
or
b onl sea
tclu son
Decision Point
h
Nig (0.
4 )
-$10,000
Nig 6)
0. $150,000
dinnhtclub n (
er r and o
esta eas
ura s
nt o od
G
$78,000
Poo
r se a
son
(0.4
)
-$30,000
4.4
Discuss group
decision-making.
•Committees
•Task forces
•Review panels
•Work teams
• Time-consuming
• Minority domination
• Ambiguous responsibility
• Pressures to conform
• What it does
• How it occurs
• How to minimize it
1. Brainstorming
2. The nominal group technique
3. Electronic meetings
Big data
The vast amounts of quantifiable information
that can be analyzed by highly sophisticated data
processing.