ELECTRICITY

PRE ASSESSMENT
1. When a bulb goes out, the other bulb remains lit in a/an
(a)open circuit (b) closed circuit (c)series circuit (d) parallel circuit
2. What is the rate of flow of electric charges called?
(a)electric potential (b)electric conductance (c)electric current (d) none of
these
3. Which of the following is the SI unit of electric current?
(a) ohm (b) ampere (c) volt (d) faraday
4. Which instrument is used for measuring electric potential difference?
(a) ammeter (b) galvanometer (c) voltmeter (d) potentiometer
5. The amount of work done to move unit charge from one point to another in
an electric circuit is called
(a) current (b) resistance (c) conductance (d)potential difference
6.
6.The hindrance presented by material of conductor to the smooth passing of
electric current is known as
(a) resistance (b) conductance (c) inductance (d) none of these
7. The resistance of a conductor is directly proportional to its
(a) area of cross-section (b) density (c) melting point (d) length
8. The purpose of a rheostat is:
(a) increase the magnitude of current only (b) decrease the magnitude of
current only
(c) increase or decrease the magnitude of current (d) none of these
9. Point to be kept in mind for verification of Ohm's Law is:
(a) Ammeter and voltmeter should be connected in series
(b) Ammeter should be connected in series and voltmeter in parallel
(c) Ammeter should be connected in parallel and voltmeter in series
(d) Ammeter and voltmeter should be connected in parallel
10.An electricity meter measures
(a) current (b) potential difference (c) charge (d) energy
ELECTRICITY
ELECTRICAL ENERGY IS THE MOST USEFUL
FORM OF ENERGY AS IT CAN BE CONVERTED
FROM ONE FORM TO ANOTHER
INTRODUCTION TO ELECTRICITY
 Electricity
Static electricity
represents the electricity Current Electricity
where the electric charge is The electricity which is
at rest. The static electricity caused by the movement
is caused by the of electric charge in an
accumulation of electric object is known
charges on the surface of a as current electricity.
body.
CONDUCTORS & INSULATORS

• Materials that permit electricity to pass through it are called

conductors
• Eg. copper, aluminum, and iron
• Materials that do not permit electricity to pass through it are
called insulators
• paper, wood, and rubber
 ELECTRIC CURRENT

• Electric Current is constituted by the flow of

electric charges (electrons )
• Rate of flow of charges is called electric current
• Electric Current (I) is defined as the quantity of
electric charge (Q) flowing per unit time
• I = Q/t
• Unit of electric charge – Coulomb (C)
• 1 C = Charge of 6 x electrons

• Charge of one electron, e = 1/(6 x 10 18)

= 1.6 x C
•Since electric charge is due to electrons , the total electric
charge depends on the number of electrons (n)
charge, Q = ne
where e is charge of one electron

Electric charge is quantized: - Total electric charge carried by an object

is always an integral multiple of charge of an electron
 The electric current is expressed by a unit called ampere (A), named after the French scientist,
Andre-Marie Ampere (1775–1836).
• DEFINE 1 AMPERE
Current flowing through a conductor is 1 Ampere when 1 C of charge flows through that cross – section in
one second
SI Unit of electric Current is Ampere (A)
• 1 A = 1 Coulomb / sec
• 1A=1 C/s
• 1A= 1C s-1

•1 mA = 1/1000 A = A
•1 A
•Electric current is measured using a device called Ammeter
•It is connected in series in a circuit
ANDRE MARIE AMPERE
AMMETER
 Amp
ere

To convert mA to A
divide by 1000 or
Multiply by
To convert A to A divide by 1000 x 1000 or
Multiply by
1) 5 C of charge flows through any cross-section of a conductor in 10 seconds. What is the
current flowing through the conductor ?
2)A current of 0.5 A is drawn from a circuit for 20 minutes. Find the amount of electric charge
that flows through the circuit.
3)If the charge of an electron is 1.6 x 10 – 19 C, how many electrons should pass through a
conductor in one second to constitute 1 A current?
4)Calculate the number of electrons constituting 16 coulombs of charge.
5)A polythene piece is rubbed with wool. It is found to acquire a negative charge of 3.2 x 10-7
C Estimate the number of electrons transferred to the piece.
1)0.5 A

2) (ANS. 600 C)

3)(ANS. 6.25 X 10 18)

4). (ANS. 10 20)

5) (ANS. 2 X 10 12)
• ACTUAL FLOW OF ELECTRONS
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nzmoGca5rXc
•Electrons were not known at the time the
phenomenon of electricity was first observed. So
electric current was considered to be the flow of
positive charges and the direction of flow of positive
charges was considered to be the flow of electric
current. Conventionally, in an electric circuit the
direction of electric current is taken as opposite to
the direction of flow of electrons
 FLOW OF CURRENT IN A CIRCUIT

• Electrons flow from negative terminal to the positive

terminal
• Conventional current flows from positive to the negative
terminal.