Kinship,

Marriage
and
Household
 KINSHIP

Is a social institution that refers to relations

formed between members of society

Sociologists define kinship as the different

forms of socially accepted relations among
people developed through blood or
consanguineal relationships, marriage or
affinal relationships, adoption, and other
culturally accepted rituals
 TYPES OF KINSHIP

KINSHIP BY BLOOD
-- CONSANGUINEAL KINSHIP OR KINSHIP BASED ON BLOOD is considered
as the most basic and general forms of relations
-- the relationship is achieved by birth or blood affinity
Descent – refers to a biological relationship

Lineage – refers to the line where one’s descent is traced

 UNILINEAL DESCENT
UNILINEAL DESCENT PRINCIPLE
-- both males and females are members of a unilineal family but their
descent lines are recognized only through the relatives of either the
male or female member

2 KINDS OF UNILINEAL DESCENT

A. PATRILINEAL FORM OF DESCENT
B. MATRILINEAL FORM OF DESCENT
MATRILINEAL FORM OF DESCENT
 NONUNILINEAL OR COGNATIC
DESCENT

-- tracing the descent through the study of both

parents’ ancestors

Double Descent or Bilineal

- Both males and females are traced both
matrilinealy and Patrilinealy but inheritance and
obligation descend to one side.

Ambilineal Descent
-Parents choose which side of the kin to affiliate
their children.
Bilineal Descent
 *Bilateral Descent
*the most common form of
nonunilineal descent
-- kinship is traced through both
ancestral lines of the mother and
father.
*Equally related to Mother’s and
Father’s side of the Kin.
*Everyone is part of the Kin even
those not part of the bloodline.
BILATERAL DESCENT
 TYPES OF KINSHIP
KINSHIP BY MARRIAGE
-- affinal kinship or kinship based on marriage
refers to the type of relations developed when a
marriage occurs
-Exists in all cultures.
-Socially recognized relation that involves
physical intimacy, sexual reproduction,
companionship, legal rights, and inheritance.
 MARRIAGE ACROSS CULTURES

MONOGAMY
-- Greek word “monos”= one, “gamos”=marriage,
one-union
-- it refers to the marriage or sexual partnering
custom or practice where an individual has only one
male or female partner or mate

POLYGAMY
-- refers to the practice of having more than one
partner or sexual mate
 MARRIAGE ACROSS CULTURES

ENDOGAMY
-- compulsory marriage, in their own village, community, ethnic,
social or religious group

EXOGAMY
-- out-marriage, refers to a marriage custom where an individual is
required by society’s norms and rules to marry outside of their own
group, community, or social classes
Exogamous Marriage
-- prevents incest
 KINDS OF POLYGAMY

POLYGYNY
-- a husband who has more than one wife

POLYANDRY
-- a wife with more than one husband
 POSTMARITAL RESIDENCY RULES

1. PATRILOCAL – Living with or near the father side of

the family
2. MATRILOCAL – Living with or near the mother side of
the family.
3.Bilocal/Ambilocal – The groom and the bride choose
which side they live in.
 POSTMARITAL RESIDENCY RULES

NEOLOCAL FORM OF RESIDENCE

-- to settle independently and build a
home that is independent from the
place of residence of both the
newlywed’s parents
 REFERRED MARRIAGE AND ARRANGED
MARRIAGES
Referred Marriage- Matchmakers help their friends or relatives to find their
possible husband or wife by referring them to another man or woman who is
also interested in finding a life partner.
Arranged Marriage- is a type of marital union where the bride and groom
are selected by their families.
1. Child Marriage- arrange for the marriage of their child long time
ago.
2. Exchange Marriage- Exchange of spouses between two countries,
tribes or group
3. Diplomatic Marriage- Established between two royal or political
families to forge political or diplomatic alliance
4. Modern arranged Marriage- Parents will choose with the consent of
their child on finding a partner.
 KINSHIP BY RITUALS or FICTIVE
MARRIAGE
- Refers to the form of kinship that is neither
consanguineal or affinal.Goes beyond biological.

Examples:

1. Adoption
2. Fraternities(Only using fictive concepts like
Brotherhood or Sisterhood)
3. Compadrazgo or Co-parent – The concept of
godparents and godchild.
 NUCLEAR AND EXTENDED FAMILY

Nuclear Family - to one or two parents (e.g. a father and mother)

and their own child, or children, living together in a single house .

Extended Family - refers to such a group living together in a

household, often with three generations living together (grandparents,
parents, and children)

Blended Family - Where the parents have a child or children from

previous marital relationship.