NUEVO ZAMBOANGA

COLLEGE INC.
 Reading in the
Philippine History
Introduction……….
Grading System 1st Semester, SY 2023-2024
FINAL RATING
Midterm Grade…………..50%
Final term Grade…………50%
100%
• Major Exam (Pre-Mid,Midterm,Pre-Final,Final)…………………………………………………….……..40%
• Written Output (Quizzes, essay, individual output)……………………………………………….…..20%
• Course Output/Project (Group Performance, Maj. Requirements)…………………………………30%
• Participation (Recitation, Attendance and etc.)………………………………………………..…………10%
Total ……………………………………………….……100%

Passing Grade – 75%

Why study History?
Meaning and Relevance of
History
 History
Traditional Understanding
• Study of the past
• Chronological record of significant events often including
an explanation of their causes.
Modern Understanding
• Came from Greek word “Historia” means “knowledge acquired through
inquiry or investigation”
• Sources – oral traditions, songs, artifacts, architecture memoir and etc.
 History can be defined in several ways. It could be defined as a
documented records of man and his society. (Gray, 1956 in De Viana, 2015)

“Ang Kasaysayan ay SALAYSAY na may

SAYSAY sa SINASALAYSAYANG SALINGLAHI”
–Zeus Salazar
Historian

is who is person specializes in the discipline of History.

Sources of History
In the study of Philippine history, sources are called Batis which also
means stream or a spring. It is a spring of historical information the usual
batis are documents especially archival documents.

Primary Sources

Secondary Sources
 Primary Sources - lifeblood of history
 Primary sources directly talk about the subject matter.
Account of people who are direct participants or
eyewitness to an event. (De vina 2015)

 Secondary Sources – Documents or works made by individual

who are not involved to the events or made by people who
obtained the information from somebody else or from primary
sources.
 6 points of inquiries to evaluate primary sources (Garragham, 1950)

1. DATE – When was it produced?

2. LOCALIZATION – Where did it originate ?
3. AUTHORSHIP – Who wrote it ?
4. ANALYSIS – What pre-existing materials served as the basis for it’s
production?
5. INTEGRITY – What was its original form?
6. CREDIBILITY – What is the evidential value of its content?
Historical Criticism

External Criticism
Establishment of Authenticity

Internal Criticism
Establishment of Accuracy
 7 Factors in evaluating Internal Criticism
(Howell and Prevenier,2001)
1. Genealogy of the Document
2. Genesis of the Document
3. Originality of the Document
4. Interpretation of the Document
5. Authorial authority of the Document
6. Competence of the observer
7. Trustworthiness of the observer
Some Repositories of Primary Sources

 National Archives of the Philippines

 National library of the Philippines

 National Historical Commission of the
Philippines (NHCP)

 National Museum of the Philippines

 U.P. Main Library

 DLSU Library
 ADMU Rizal Library

 UST Library
 Library of Congress
 National Archives and Records Administration
 Archivo General de Indias
 Archivos General de la Nacion
 American Historical Collection
 Lopez Memorial Museum
 Ayala Museum