PREUNIVERSITA

RIO
2023-2

TOPICS: Greetings. Subject pronouns. Verb

to be. Demonstratives. Question words.
Possessive adjectives.
1
 GREETINGS
A greeting is something friendly or polite that you
say or do when you meet or welcome someone.

FORMAL INFORMAL
We use it with new people,
We use it with friends, family
authorities, bosses and
and in casual situations.
older people.
 NGS INFORMAL GREET
FORMAL GREETI INGS
Good morning. Hey!
Good afternoon. Hi.
Good evening. How is it going?
How do you do? How are you doing?
How are you? How have you been?
S ES
FORMAL RESPON INFORMAL RESP
ONSES
Good morning. Hello.
Good afternoon. Hi.
Good evening. Fine. Thanks, and you
?
Very well, thank you. Great, thanks.
you.
It ’s a pleasure to meet Great to see you.
Pleased to meet you.
 SUBJECT PRONOUNS
Subject pronouns are those that perform
the action in a sentence.

SINGULAR

PLURAL
 SUBJECT PRONOUNS
A subject
The cat is big. It is big. pronoun is used
to avoid
Jeff is a teacher. He is a teacher. repetition. It
replaces the
Alice is a doctor. She is a doctor. subject in a
sentence.
Complete the paragraph.
Exercise 1

My name is Jack. _____I am from Arizona but ____

I live in
New York. My sister is Sarah and _____
she is a nurse. She and
her husband are parents. ______
They have a son, Ted. _____
He is 8
years old. The family dog is named Bobby. ______
It is small
and furry. _____
I visit Sarah and her family every spring.
____
We go camping together!
 VERB TO BE
The verb “to be” is used to show the status or
characteristics of something or someone. It says
what I am, what you are or what something is.

I am responsible.

You are goodlooking.

He/She is Peruvian.
It is small.

You are good students.

We are siblings.
They are my friends.
 VERB TO BE
AFFIRMATIVE FORM
You are happy.
+ VERB TO BE + COMPLEMENT.
She is a mother.

NEGATIVE FORM
They aren’t married.
+ VERB TO BE (NEG.) + COMPLEMENT.
It is not a good movie.
INTERROGATIVE FORM
Are you a Math teacher?
VERB TO BE + + COMPLEMENT + ?
Is he at work?
Yes, I am. Short
answers
No, he isn’t.
 Complete the conversation.

Exercise 2
Tina: Hi Liam!
Liam: Hi Tina! It ______
is nice to see you! What are you
doing here at the airport?
am
Tina: I ______ going to visit my sister in London. She
______
is getting married!
Liam: Wow, it ______
is great to hear that. Tell me about
the lucky groom.
Tina: His name is Jim. He ______is a lawyer in London.
They ______
are so in love!

Liam: That is wonderful.

Tina: Thanks. ______
Are you going to France?
Liam: Yes, I ______.
am
Tina: I remember you have family there.
Liam: My parents ______
are in Paris and my brother ______is in Toulouse.
Tina: ______
Is your wife going with you?
Liam: No, she ______
is not. She ______
is staying with the kids.
Tina: I understand. Well, have a great time in France!
 DEMONSTRATIVES
They are used to specify the distance of something in
space or time in relation to the speaker.
Here

SINGULA
Near the speaker. NEAR

R
FAR
There

PLURAL
Far from the speaker.
NEAR

FAR
 DEMONSTRATIVES
Exercise 3
Fill the blank, using the correct demonstrative (this,
that, those, these)

this
1. I love ________ necklace.

those
2. She doesn't like _________ cats.

this
3. I am enjoying ________ party.

4. We can go to _________
that park.

5. You can use ________

these books.
 QUESTIONS WORDS PREGUNTAS PALABRAS
PREGUNTAS PALABRAS

Question words, often called wh- words, are function words that can be used to ask open
questions. They are used to ask about specific qualities, times, places, people and so on. Las
palabras interrogativas, a menudo llamadas wh- words, son palabras de función que pueden utilizarse para formular preguntas abiertas. Sirven para preguntar sobre
cualidades específicas, tiempos, lugares, personas, etc.

WHAT
‘What’ is used in a question to express a notion
about something or the nature of that thing. It
refers to an object, a pastime or hobby, a sport,
a quality.
QUÉ
que" se utiliza en una pregunta para expresar una noción sobre algo o la
naturaleza de ese algo. Se refiere a un objeto, un pasatiempo o afición, un
WHY
‘Why’ is used in a question to refer to the reason of
an occurred action or event. It also refers to the
cause of the occurred event or action. This event or
action has been done or is taking place.
POR QUÉ
Por qué" se utiliza en una pregunta para referirse a la razón de una acción o
acontecimiento. También se refiere a la causa del suceso o acción ocurridos. Este

deporte, una cualidad . acontecimiento o acción se ha realizado o está teniendo lugar.

What is your favourite dish? Why did you break this window?
¿Cuál es tu plato favorito? ¿Por qué has roto esta ventana?

What color is your shirt? Why were you late ?

¿De qué color es tu camisa?
¿Por qué has llegado tarde?
What is your telephone number ?
¿Cuál es su número de teléfono? Why are you crying ?
¿Por qué lloras?
 QUESTIONS WORDS

WHEN
WHERE ‘When’ is used in a question to
‘Where’ is used in a question to express what a person wants to
express a specific place, a know about the specific time or
specific address that the person moment of an action that is
wants to know. occurring or that has occurred.
DONDE
Dónde" se utiliza en una pregunta para expresar un lugar concreto, CUÁNDO
una dirección específica que la persona quiere conocer. Cuándo" se utiliza en una pregunta para expresar lo que una
persona quiere saber sobre la hora o el momento concretos de una
acción que está ocurriendo o que ha ocurrido.

Where do you live? When were you born?

¿Dónde vives? ¿Cuándo naciste?

Where are you going on When do the holidays start?

your trip? ¿Cuándo empiezan las vacaciones?
¿Adónde vas de viaje?

Where do you play golf? When are you going to school?

¿Dónde juegas al golf?
¿Cuándo vas al colegio?
 QUESTIONS WORDS

WHO WHOSE
‘Who’ is used in a question when We use ‘whose’ to ask a question about
asking about a person or people. It can possession.
also be used to request the name of a QUIÉN

person. Utilizamos 'whose' para hacer una pregunta sobre la posesión .

QUIÉN
Quién" se utiliza en una pregunta cuando se pregunta por una
persona o personas. También puede utilizarse para pedir el
nombre de una persona.

Who is this doctor? Whose birthday is it today? ¿De

¿Quién es este médico? quién es el cumpleaños hoy?

Who did you talk to yesterday? ¿Con Whose are these trousers?
quién hablaste ayer? ¿De quién son estos pantalones?

Who is the new student?

¿Quién es el nuevo alumno?
 QUESTIONS WORDS

WHICH
‘Which’ is used in a question to express
a choice or a preference about two or
more things.
CUÁL
Se utiliza en una pregunta para expresar una elección o
preferencia entre dos o más cosas.
HOW
‘How’ expresses the manner in which
an action is done. Used to explain a
process.
CÓMO
Cómo" expresa la manera en que se realiza una acción. Se
utiliza para explicar un proceso.

Which way do you prefer How are you feeling today ?

your coffee, iced or hot? ¿Cómo ¿Cómo te
prefieres el café, con hielo o caliente? encuentras hoy?

How can you run 10 miles

Which colours do you want without being tired?
for your bedroom? ¿Qué colores quieres
¿Cómo puedes correr 16 km sin cansarte?

para tu dormitorio?
QUESTIONS WORDS
Complete the conversation.

Exercise 4
A: _______
Who is Katie Bouman?
B: She’s a scientist.
A: _______
Why is she famous?
B: Because she captured the first
image of a black hole.
A: ________
How did she do that?
B: She developed an important
algorithm to locate it.
A: ________
Where is she from?
B: She’s from Indiana, USA. She works
at Harvard.

Where Why Who How

 POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES ADJETIVOS POSESIVOS

They are mainly used to indicate that something belongs to or is part of someone
(human or animal). Se utilizan principalmente para indicar que algo pertenece o forma parte de alguien (humano o animal).

USES

Subject Possessive To show something belongs to somebody.

I My Para mostrar que algo pertenece a alguien.
That's our house.
You Your
My car is very old.
He His For relations and friends.
Para parientes y amigos
She Her
My mother is a doctor.
It Its
How old is your sister?
We Our
For parts of the body.
You Your Para partes del cuerpo

He's broken his arm.

They Their
She's washing her hair.
 POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES
Choose the correct option.

Exercise 5
1. I need to call Sarah, but I don’t have ________
cellphone number.
a) his b) her c) your

2. This is a lovely tree. ________ flowers are

beautiful.
a) His b) Its c) Her

3. John and Mary study English. ________ teacher is

funny.
a) Your b) Our c) Their

4. I love my mother. _______ name is Mary.

a) Your b) Her c) Their

5. John has a brother. ________ brother is 24 years

old.
a) My b) Her c) His