The Stone Age and Origin

of humanity
 “
Quote of the Day:
“We are not makers of history
We are made by history”

@Martin Luther King

 Prehistory Ages

The Stone The Bronze The Iron

Age Age Age
 Stone Age
Periods

Mesolith
Paleolith Neolith
(12000-5000
(2600 000-12 000 BC) (5000-3000 BC)
BC)
 Stone
Age

The Stone Age was a broad prehistoric

period during which stone was widely
used to make implements with an edge, a
point or a percussion surface.
Human Origin
Theories
 Theories of human origin

Darwin’s Evolution Humanistic Religion Theory

Theory (humanoid) God created human
beginning with the evolutionary
history of primates – in
Theory
particular genus Homo – and
People come from another planet.
leading to the emergence
of Homo sapiens as a distinct
species of the hominid family, the
great apes. This process
involved the gradual
development of traits such
as human
bipedalism and language.
 Types of first human

Pithecanthropus Sinanthropus
a former genus of extinct Peking Man (680000-
hominids whose members 780000y.o.)
have now been
assigned to the proposed Neanderthal
species Homo erectus. (40000y.o.) Germany
Speaking skills.
Cro-Magnon
(40000y.o.)
Homo sapiens. Brain 2x larger
than Pithecanthropus
 Lucy (Australopithecus)

The Lucy specimen is an early australopithecine and is dated to about

3.2 million years ago.
Lucy is the common name of AL 288-1, several hundred pieces of bone
fossils representing 40 percent of the skeleton of a female of
the hominin species Australopithecus afarensis.
 Matriarchy

⊡Matriarchy is a social system in

which females (most notably in
mammals) hold the primary power
positions in roles of political
leadership, moral authority, social
privilege and control of property at
the specific exclusion of men - at
least to a large degree.
 Patriarchy

⊡Patriarchy is a social system in which

males hold primary power and
predominate in roles of political
leadership, moral authority, social
privilege and control of property. In the
domain of the family, fathers or father-
figures hold authority over women and
children. Some patriarchal societies are
also patrilineal, meaning that property
and title are inherited by the male
lineage.
Tumar-Тұмар
 Bronze
Age
The Bronze Age is a
historical period characterized by the use
of bronze, proto-writing, and other early features
of urban civilization. The Bronze Age is the
second principal period of the three-age Stone-
Bronze-Iron system
MAPS

Andronovo
Culture
 Thomsen’s
classification

2 600 000-3000 (Paleolith, Mesolith,

Stone Age 1
BCE Neolith)

2000-8 (Nura, Atasu, Begazy-

Bronze Age 2
BCE Dandibay)

Iron Age 8 BCE-5 CE(AD) (Early, Posterior-Late) 3


Bronze Age
1. Nura period (18-16 BC)
2. Atasu period(15-12 BC)
3. Begazy-Dandibay
(12-8 BC)
Pictographs
Graphic system describes
ideas or life style of ancient
people. Abstract or
Symbolic images on stone.
(selfie wasn’t allowed)
LET’S REVIEW
SOME CONCEPTS
Alkei Margulan Changes:
1. Metal ----------Stone
2. Nomadic Livestock-----hunting
3. Agriculture-------Gathering
4. Matriarchy-------Partiarchy
Bronze Life
Alloy (Copper+Tin) Nomadic lifestyle
-mixture Livestock=horses+ships
Ovens were used Cellar=as storage for food
MM(meat and milk)
 Iron Age

Key words:

Iron Age. The Sakas. Tomiris. Cyrus. Darius.

Alexander the Great. Shuak.
 The Sakas

The Sakas
The territory was settled by Sakas (Scythians). These tribes
were nomadic and semi-nomadic, some of them practiced
agriculture (in the valleys of the rivers Syrdarya, Shu and
Talas). Sakas were famous for being excellent horsemen.
 Military democracy
• Equal rights. Women soldiers.
(If Saka man wants to marry with Saka girl…)
• Inheritance of power.
• Tribe assemblies.
 Gallop
They are among the first to have mastered the
technique of shooting a bow at full gallop.
 Society
Sakas had their own written language, mythology and engaged
art. The style in which Saka painters and jewelers created their
works, subsequently were named "animal style" by historians.
Cyrus
Daruis the Great. Darius I
Xerxes I (king of heros)
Alexander the Great
 3 Powerful countries:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vY3z3yh7a24
 Iron Age culture

In the I—III centuries BC in

the territory of central
Kazakhstan arised Tasmola
culture, where was
Andronovo culture in the
Bronze era. The Tasmola
culture took it’s name
because of the well explored
mounds of Tasmola’s natural
boundaries.
 The Saka Golden Man

• 18-year-old Saka (Scythian)

prince
• the kurgan contained a
skeleton, warrior's equipment,
and assorted funerary goods,
including 4,000 gold
ornaments
 House hold

Ancient authors define life of Sakas, speaking about them:

“they are no farmers, but nomads, or determine this life by a
formula: Move from one place to another, depending on an
open space, water and grass".
 The Saka tribes:

Saka-tigrohaudas Saka haumavarga Saka paradaraya

-”Saka with pointy hats/caps” - “haoma-drinking saka”. “Saka beyond the Sea”

-(Zhetisu, South-East of - Haoma=Kumys(kymyz) Western Scythians.

Kazakhstan)
- -(South Kazakhstan) (Aral Sea)

+Saka Issedon
+Saka agrippei
+Saka arimaspa
+Saka Dayi
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