ANTHROPOMETRY

Ergonomics

Fitting the tasks to the man

The science of designing the layout & organization of

the workplace, the tools & equipment used

To reduce musculoskeletal (MSD) injury risks

Improve employee safety & well-being

Improve workplace productivity

 Ergonomics Principle in Design
Human/Person

Work
Posture
Output
Performance
Workstation Design Human/Person
Productivity
Well-being
Quality
Activity

Job
 Ergonomics Principle for Workplace Design
The ergonomics recommendation for determining the dimension
of the workplace are based on the following factors:
1. Anthropometric data
2. The nature of the Job
3. Behavioral patterns of employee

In general, the workplace design must satisfy the following

important criteria:
1. Be economical
2. Enhance the worker’s efficiency
3. Allow good working postures
4. Minimize fatigue
5. Minimize health and safety risks, such as stresses on the
musculoskeletal system
ANTHROPOMETRY
• Anthropometry is dimension study and other
physical characteristics such as weight,
volume, gravitation center of the body.
• Basic application of anthropomety is to
obtain matched dimension in designing.
 (Kroemer et al., 2010)

DIMENSIONS
Clearance dimensions

• Minimum area needed by an operator to do work

activity (It is determined by referring to the biggest
person of the population)

Reach dimensions

• Maximum area needed by an operator to do work

activity (It is determined by referring to the smallest
person of the population)
 (Wickens et al., 2004)

TYPES
Static Anthropometry (structural)
• The measurement of body dimension in
static standard position (e.g desk, chair,
height of the door design)

Dinamic Anthropometry (functional)

• The Measurement of body in dinamic
standar position (e.g width of aisle)
Human Variability
age

sex

Ethnic

Type of job

Geographic environment

Social level
Philosophy of ergonomic design
• Design for extreme facilities
1 • e.g. Strength of supporting devices

• Design for adjustable range facilities

2 • e.g. Office chairs & desks

• Design for average facilities

3 • e.g. Height of check out counter in Mall
 Anthropometry statistic

P( X  x p )  p
x p  Persentil ke p Variabel x
P ( X  x p )  P[( X   ) /   ( x p  x ) / s ]  p
P( Z  z p )  p
z p  ( x p  x) / s
x p  x  z p .s
 NORMAL STANDARD
Percentil 0,5 1 2,5 5 10 16,5 25
e
(p) 0,005 0,01 0,02 0,05 0,1 0,165 0,25
5
Zp -2,575 -2,327 -1,96 -1,645 -1,282 -0,974 -0,675

Percentil 75 83,5 90 95 97,5 99 99,5

e
(p) 0,75 0,835 0,9 0,95 0,975 0,99 0,995

Zp 0,675 0,974 1,282 1,645 1,96 2,327 2,575

Example 1

Based on anthropometrics measurement conducted

randomly from sample. It is known that average height
of popliteal is 44 cm. The standard deviation is 2.7 cm.
Find out the 95th , 50th , 10th precentiles
The answer:
X0,95= 44 + 1,645(2,7)=48,44
X0,5 = 44
X0,1 = 44 – 1,282(2,7)=40,538
Example 2

A designer installs push-button. It is expected that

95% of male population can reach it while standing.
Average and standard deviation of vertical arm
reach is 202 cm and 6.2 cm

X0,05= 202 - 1,645(6,2)= 191,63 cm

 Example 3

A designer wants to accommodate at least 95% male

and female of population that can use push-button.
The data of vertical arm reach are:
Male Female
Average 202 194
Standard 6,3 5,2
deviation

X0,05= 194 - 1,645(5,2)= 184,95 cm

Example 4

How height is the roof and the seat, so that 90% of

population can use it.
The average and standard deviation of sitting
position height is 85 cm and 4.2 cm.

X0,9= 85 + 1,282 (4,2)= 90,38 cm

KEYBOARD
 MOUSE
MEJA KERJA
Design for certain population
QUESTIONS?