Anatomy & Physiology

Study of human
biology is divided into

two primary
areas.
1. Anatomy - (Greek Ana = up, tome cutting) field of study that
describe the

A. Gross Anatomy - study of body structures that are

B. Microanatomy - level only.

Histology - .

C. Systematic Anatomy - Studies body structure

(skeletal, muscular).

D. Regional Anatomy - with in a given

region (head, leg).
 2. Physiology - (Greek physio =
nature, logic=study)

 A. Human physiology – Study of specific

 B. Cellular & Systemic Physiology –

emphasizes
 Structural Levels of Organization

 Small (Simple) to Large

(Complex)
Organ Systems
 Characteristics of Life
1.

2. Anabolism - build up
Catabolism - break down

3.

4.

5.

6.
 Homeostasis - Balance of Life

Internal environment is to the

world around itself.
 Two types of Control

 1. Negative
feedback –

.
Negative Feedback
2. Positive feedback - rare in a healthy body because a
change in normal state
 Health & Disease

Disease any reduction from the

Acute –

Chronic –

Symptoms - sensations, dizziness, pain

Diagnosis - identifying a disease from its symptoms

 Classification of disease
1. Congenital -
Can be inherited
May cause death
Ex.

2. Immunological –
Defense reaction by white blood cells (WBC’s)
Ex.

3. Metabolic

May cause death trauma.

Ex.

4. Neoplastic

Ex.
Directional terms
Directions
 Correct Anatomical Position

1. Facing
a.

2. Palms
a.
b.
 Body Planes (imaginary planes)

3 Basic Types
Sagittal –
Midsagittal -
Parasagittal -

2. Frontal -

3. Horizontal –

halves Cross Section

(transverse).
The Body Plan
Body Parts & Regions
Body Cavities (Spaces)
2 Major
1. Dorsal Cavities

2. Ventral Cavities
 - upper
a.

Abdominal Pelvic
Cavity
a.
b.
separate the
2 cavities
Body Cavities (Spaces)
2 Major
1. Dorsal Cavities
Cranial Cavity
Vertebrate Canal

2. Ventral Cavities
Thoracic - upper
a. Pleural
b. Pericardial
Abdominal Pelvic Cavity
a. Abdominal cavity
b. Pelvic Cavity

Diaphragm separate the 2 cavities

 Cavities are covered by
membranes
Serous Membrane –
.

a. Visceral –
b. Parietal -
c. usually fluid between the two to
reduce friction by body movement.
 Cavities are covered by
membranes
 2. - Surrounds the heart.

 3. – Covers the lungs.

 4. – Lines the abdominolpelvic cavity.

 A. – fused peritoneum to support organs
 B. – behind the peritonium.
Cavities are covered by
membranes