LINEAR MODEL AS PROCESS

OF COMMUNICATION

Presented by group 5
 Linear Model Communication

l The linear model of communication is a uncomplicated, direct way to

comprehended how two different parties communicate with one another.

l Linear Communication model is a Theoretical Framework that posits a

unidirectional and sequential flow of information initiated by a sender and
terminating at a receiver without accounting for feedback or contextual
factors.

l Linear model is a type of communication where someone sends a message

without getting any feedback from receiver of the message and can be helpful
in communicating a message out to a wide range of people all at one.

l This type of communication generally has limited interaction between the

two parties with the sender being responsible for all aspects of the
conversation, including context, timing, and delivery.
Different Models of Linear
Communication
Different Models of Linear Communication

u Aristotle Model
u Lasswlle's Model
u Shannon and Weaver Model
u Berlo's Model
 Aristotle Model

The Aristotle Model of Communication

is a linear model of communication. It
was first introduced in 300 B.C.
Basically, it solely focuses on the
message of the speech. As the Greek
scientist Aristotle introduced this
communication model; it is named after
him. It is one of the most recognizable
communication models across the
globe. .
 Speaker
There is no doubt that the speaker is the only source in the Aristotle model. This means that any
information with originate directly from the user all remaining elements will not produce any changes
to the components of the message.

Speach
refers to the information that the speaker passes on the audience. This involves the accuracy of facts and
figures that are part of the speach accurate and correct as per the latest knowledge .

Occasion
Several other communication theories present in society often reject to include occasion in their list of
elements. It is significant to understand the motive behind relating the occasion during the speech.

Audience
It is quite common for the speakers to keep a regular check on the audience’s interests who are listening to
the speech. The audience will determine the type of information that the speaker will put forward.This
will improve the understanding level and deliver the best results in the end .

Effect
Last but not least, communication should be effective in terms of delivering the speech. Aristotle was aware
of this element and thus included it in his model. The entire communication will be of no use until the
audience is convinced. If there is no conclusion or moral of the communication, the audience will not
be affected.
 LASSWLLE'S MODEL

Is a communication model first introduced

by political scientists Harold Lasswell in
1948. It attempts to explain linear
communication by answering five questions
are "Who", "Says what", "in which
channel", "to whom" and "to what effect"?
This model expands upon Aristotle and adds
the option for differ channels of
communication.
"Who"
This is the communicator, also called the sender, who formulates and spreads a message. The sender can
also be an intermediary.

"To what"
This is the content of the message or the message that the sender spreads.

" in which channel"

The channel describes the medium or media that is/are used to convey and spread the message. The
medium can consist of several communication tools, mass media and social media.

"To whom"
This describes the receiver(s), such as a target group or an individual. With mass communication, there’s
an audience

"with what effect "

The effect is the result the message leads to. The so-called triangle of success ‘knowledge, attitude,
behaviour’ is often used to describe the desired effect.
 Shannon and Weaver Model
In 1948, Shannon was an American
mathematician, Electronic engineer and
Weaver was an American scientist both of
them join together to write an article in
“Bell System Technical Journal” called “A
Mathematical Theory of Communication”
and also called as “Shannon-Weaver model
of communication” Shannon and Weaver
Model is named after two American scholar
who developed the model in 1949it features
the six communication elements, including
information source, transmitter, channel,
receiver, Destination, and noise source while
updates to this model add in feedback and
change it to a transactional model the
original is a form of linear communication.
Information Source
Information source refers to the sender of the communication process that conveys the message to the
receiver. It also indicates the person who generates the information and initiates the communication
process.

Transmitter
The transmitter refers to the message converter that changes the message into a signal to transfer
through the communication channel. It is also called the encoding process. The messages are spoken
words, written messages, pictures, music, and nonverbal cues.

Channel
Channel is the medium that conveys the message from senders to receivers. Communicators utilize
distinguished channels based on communication, such as human senses, radio, television, newspaper,
electronic tools, social media, and so on.

Receiver
Receivers are the people who convert the signal into a meaningful message. They are responsible for
decoding the message. So, the receiver is the decoder of the communication process.

Destination
Destination indicates both senders and receivers of the communication process who encode and decode
the message.

Noise
Noise is the unwanted sound of the communication process that disrupts effective communication.
Communicators found noises in every type of communication process, including verbal, nonverbal,
written, visual, face-to-face, mediated, and group communication. The most common types of noise in
communication are physical, physiological, psychological, semantic, electrical, syntactical, cultural noise,
 Berlo's Model

Berlo's model is a visualization of

communication first used by Berlo in
1960 as an expansion of the Shannon
and Weaver model. This model uses
four steps that a message travel
through, which are source, message,
channel, and receiver. This model
includes both verbal and non - verbal
forms of communication.
Components of Berlo’s Model – SMCR Model

1. Sender
The sender or source is that point of communication from where the message originates. The sender is
responsible for encoding or framing a message for initiating communication and is thus called an
encoder.

2. Message
To enable different forms of communication, when someone sends the message, one needs to
transform their thoughts into voice, video, text, or any other form of message.

3. Channel
The medium through which the message flows to a receiver is referred to as a channel. While
communicating, one may require the aid of various channels. But people tend to depend on their five
sense organs for conveying messages.

4. Receiver
Communication is a two-way process, and a sender undergoes all the components mentioned above to
communicate messages to the receiver. The receiver is the person who receives and decodes the
message. The responsibility of interpreting and understanding the meaning of the message lies on the
shoulders of the receiver. One can only establish effective communication if the sender and receiver
reside on the same level of understanding.