Wetlands

KAIINAT KASHIF, MOMNA IFTIKHAR, NOOR UL AIN,

MARYAM IJAZ
 Definition of Wetland:

Introduction  A wetland is an area of land that is saturated with water either

permanently or seasonally, resulting in a unique ecosystem
that supports a variety of plant.
 Hydrolog Soil
y wetlands
CHARACTE
RISTICS OF
Vegetatio
WETLAND
n
Fauna
  The hydrology of wetlands is characterized by the presence
Hydrology of water, which can be either standing or flowing.
 Wetlands are typically located in areas with high water tables
or near bodies of water such as lakes, rivers, or oceans.
  Soils are characterized by their high organic content and low
oxygen levels.
Soil wetlands  These conditions are ideal for the growth of wetland plants,
but can also make the soils unstable and prone to erosion.
  Wetland vegetation is adapted to the unique conditions of the
wetland environment.
Vegetation  Common wetland plants include cattails, sedges, rushes, and
various types of wetland trees such as willows and bald
cypress.
  Wetlands support a diverse array of animal life, including fish,
Fauna amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals. Many of these
species are specially adapted to the wetland environment.
 Marshes

Types of
Swamps
wetlands
Bogs

Ferns
  Marshes are wetlands that are dominated by grasses and
other herbaceous plants.
 They are typically found in areas with shallow water and
Marshes slow-moving currents, such as along the edges of lakes and
rivers.
 Marshes are important habitats for a variety of bird species
and other wildlife.
  Swamps are wetlands that are dominated by trees and
shrubs.
 They are typically found in areas with standing water and
Swamps slow-moving currents, such as along the edges of rivers and
in floodplains.
 Swamps are important habitats for a variety of bird, mammal,
and reptile species.
  Bogs are wetlands that are characterized by their acidic,
nutrient-poor soils.
 They are typically found in areas with high rainfall and cool
Bogs temperatures, such as in northern latitudes.
 Bogs are important habitats for a variety of plant and animal
species, including carnivorous plants and rare birds.
  Fens are wetlands that are characterized by their alkaline,
nutrient-rich soils.
Fens  They are typically found in areas with high groundwater
levels and slow-moving currents, such as along the edges of
lakes.
 Water
storage
Food
Habitat
control
Importance of
wetland
Biodive Water
rsity Quality
Nutrien
t cycle
  StorageWetlands are important for storing water during times
of high rainfall and releasing it slowly during times of drought.
Water storage  This helps to maintain water levels in rivers and lakes and
can reduce the risk of flooding downstream.
  Wetlands can also help to control flooding by absorbing
excess water and slowing down the flow of water
Flood control downstream.
 This can help to reduce the risk of damage to property and
infrastructure.
  Wetlands are important for improving water quality by filtering
out pollutants and excess nutrients.
Water quality  The plants and soils in wetlands act as natural filters,
removing pollutants and excess nutrients from the water
before it enters streams and rivers.
  Wetlands are also important for nutrient cycling, as they are
Nutrient able to absorb and store nutrients like nitrogen and
phosphorus.
cycling  This helps to prevent excess nutrients from entering
waterways and causing problems like algal blooms.
  Wetlands are important habitats for a wide range of plant and
animal species, many of which are rare or endangered.
Biodiversity  Wetlands support a high level of biodiversity, with many
species depending on them for their survival.
  Wetlands provide important habitat for a variety of plant and
animal species, including migratory birds, fish, and
Habitat amphibians.
 Wetlands also provide breeding and nesting.
 Habitat
loss and
fragmenta
tion

THREATS
Climate
TO change
Pollution
WETLANDS

Invasive
species
 HABITAT LOSS AND FREGMENTATION
 Wetlands are threatened by habitat loss and fragmentation
due to human activities such as urbanization , agricultural
waste and source extraction.
 POLLUTION
 Pollution include runoff, industrial waste, and urban storm
runoff.
 INVASIVE SPECIES
 Invasive species can also threatened wetlands by
outcompeting native species and altering wetland ecosytems.
 CLIMATIC CHANGE
 Rising temperatures and changing precipitation patterns can
alter the hydrology of wetlands and effects the wetland
ecosytem.
CONSERVATION STRETIGIES
  HABITAT PROTECTION
CONSERVAT  Including protection of wetlands by legislation and regulation,
ION as well as acquiring and managing habitat.

STRETEGIE  RESTORATION
 Restoration can involve restoring hydrology , removing
S invasive species and planting native organization.
 MANAGEMENT
 This include monitoring wetlands health, controlling invasive
species and managing water levels.
 EDUCATION AND OUTREACH
 Education and outreach can also play a role in wetland
conservation, by raising awarness about importance of
wetlands and encourging people to take action to prtotect
them.
  Introduction:
Ramsar  History and background
Conservatio  The Ramsar Convention on Wetlands was signed in 1971 in
Ramsar, Iran.
n on  The Convention is named after this city where the treaty was
wetlands signed. It is an international treaty for the conservation and
sustainable use of wetlands.
 The Convention's main objectives are

Objectives  to promote the conservation

 wise use of wetlands
of  to stop the loss of wetland habitats
convention  to recognize the fundamental ecological functions of
wetlands.
Identification  The Convention encourages the identification and
and designation of wetlands of international importance, known as
Ramsar Sites.
designation  These sites are designated based on their ecological,
of wetlands botanical, zoological, hydrological, and cultural value.
International  The Convention promotes international cooperation to
conserve wetlands, including the exchange of scientific and
Cooperation technical information, training, and capacity building.
 National Wetland Policies and Strategies:
 The Convention encourages countries to develop national
policies and strategies for the conservation and wise use of
Implementati wetlands.
on of the Wetland Inventory and Assessment

Convention  Countries are encouraged to conduct wetland inventories and

assessments to identify wetland resources and their
ecological functions.
  Countries are required to monitor and report on the status of
their wetlands and the effectiveness of their conservation
Monitoring measures.
and Capacity Building and Training

Reporting  The Convention provides training and capacity building

programs to help countries implement the Convention's
principles.
ANY QUESTIONS?
THANK YOU