Introduction and

Background of
the Study
Nur-Aiza A Aming
MMPA Class Section 3 / Doc Sajo Group
 Introduction and Background of the Study
MMPA Class Section-3
Doc Sajo Group

01
Introduction & Background of
02
Rationale

03
the Study
By: Nur-Aiza Aming
By: Farida M Alih

Research Objectives

04 By: Ven Micole T Atayde

05
Scope and Limitations of the
Statement of the Problem: Study
Assumption of the Study
Hypotheses By: Meilord Salga By: Joe Eric Tuclaud
Significance of the Study
Definition of Terms
 INTRODUCTION BACKGROUND
ONLY CONTAINS CLARIFIES THE
PRELIMINARY DATA about IMPORTANCE of the study in
the research topic and does not state detail
the purpose of the study

PROVIDES AN OVERVIEW of PROVIDES A DETAILED

the research topic from a broader understanding of the topic
perspective

Should END WITH THE Allows no such format and only

MENTION of the research PROVIDES ESSENTIAL
questions, aims, and objectives of CONTEXT to the study
the study.
 How to Write
Introduction of the
Study
What is the function
of the Introduction
section?
Introduction should answer the question
‘Why:’
 Introduction does the following:

Summarizes
Provides a
what is currently
background of the
known about the
problem that your 2 topic through
research aims to
existing literature
understand or
and citing studies
resolve
that are relevant
 Introduction does the following:

Explains how
Describes why the research will
you have make a significant
undertaken the contribution to the
study States the field
research
question clearly
 4-step approach
Example:
1 A paper on organic matter in soil can
Provide begin thus: ‘Sustainable crop
background production is a function of the physical,
information chemical, and biological properties of
and set the soil, which, in turn, are markedly
context affected by the organic matter in soil.
 4-step approach
Introduce the Example:
A paper on controlling malaria by preventive
2 topic
specific measures, can mention the number of people
of your affected, the number of person-hours lost, or the
cost of treating the disease.
research and
explain why X -X dollars are lost because of malaria every year
it is
 -X dollars can be saved annually if malaria is
important prevented
 4-step approach

Example:
3
Mention -‘Plant response is altered by insect colonization
past attempts and behaviour but these aspects have been
to solve the studied mostly in sole crops, whereas the present
paper examines the relationship between crops
research problem and their pests in an intercropping system.’
or to answer the
research question
 4-step approach
WAYS IN CONSTRUCTING OBECTIVES:
Questions = ‘Do some genes in wheat form gene networks? If they
4 do, to what extent as compared to rice?’
Conclude the
Introduction Hypotheses = ‘We decided to test the following four hypotheses related
to employees of information-technology companies:
by mentioning H1: Career stages influence work values.
the specific H2: Career stages influence the level of job satisfaction.
H3: Career stages do not influence organizational commitment.’
objectives of
your research Infinitives = ‘We aimed to assess the effectiveness of four disinfection
strategies on hospital-wide incidence of multidrug-resistant organisms
and Clostridium difficile’
 TIP:
Although the Introduction is the first
section of the main text of your paper, you
don’t have to write that section first. You can
write it, or at least revise it, after you have
written the rest of the paper: This will make
the Introduction not only easier to write but
also more compelling.
 What is the
Background of the
Study?
 It provides context for your study and helps the
readers understand why your research topic is
important.

It gives a brief overview of the research done on

the topic so far and mentions the gaps that have
remained unaddressed as well as the need to address
them.

Subsequently, it mentions how your research

will address those gaps and helps establish the
significance of your research.
While writing your background, you must:

Mention the main

developments in your
research area
Highlight significant
questions that need to be
addressed
Discuss the relevant aspects
of your study
 How should one write the
Background
Conduct
Read and gather
Preliminary
the Data
Research
At the beginning stages
of formulating your Read and gather the
thesis, many of the info you need to
issues are still very develop - a thesis
unclear, and you
need to solidify your
statement or
thoughts, so you research question
should conduct that will guide your
preliminary thesis.
research
How should one write the
Background of the Study
Maintain a Include
Balance Historical Data
Current issues largely
Make sure that originate from
the background historical events or
is focused on findings. If the
important research borrows
details, but also information from a
appeals to a historical context, add
broader audience relevant data in the
background
How should one write the
Background
Explain Increase
IfNovelty
the research Engagement
study or
To make the
methodology is
background
unique or novel,
engaging, build a
provide an
story around the
explanation that
central theme of
helps to
the research
understand the
 Avoid these Mistakes
Unrelated
Ambiguity
Themes
Don’t be ambiguous, Steer clear from topics
vague, unclear. that are not related to
the key aspects of your
Poor research topic
Organization
Do not place information
without a structure
 POINTS TO
TheNOTE:
background of
the study is the key to
introduce your
audience to your
research topic and
should be done with
strong knowledge and
thoughtful writing.
Research is to see what
everybody else has seen, and to
think what nobody else has
thought.
Albert Szent-Gyorgyi
Thank
You!
Farida M Alih
 TOPIC DISCUSSION
● INTRODUCTION
● BASIC ELEMENTS OF THE
RESEARCH RATIONALE
● WHEN IS THE RATIONALE FOR
RESEARCH WRITTEN?
● WHAT TO INCLUDE IN THE
 INTRODUCTI
ON
The rationale of your research is the objective of the study.
The reason should explain why the research was started.

Its an essential part of your work since it demonstrates the

significance and uniqueness of your research.

The rationale of the study explains the reason why the study
was conducted (in an article or thesis) or why the
study should be conducted (in a proposal).
BASIC ELEMENTS OF
RESEARCH RESEARCH
RATIONALE
BACKGROUND
• A GAP IN THE
LITERATURE
• RESEARCH
RATIONALE
• RESEARCH
OBJECTIVES AND
WHEN IS THE RATIONALE
FOR RESEARCH WRITTEN?
● Before conducting
research

● Once research has

been conducted
 WHAT TO INCLUDE IN THE STUDY
RATIONALE

A summary of What is
conclusions
currently
from your
review of the unknown
relevant (gaps in
literature knowledge)
 WHAT TO INCLUDE IN THE STUDY
RATIONALE
The necessity to
Inconclusive or improve or build on
contested results previous research,
from previous such as to improve
studies on the methodology or
same or similar utilize newer
topic. techniques and/or
technologies.
 QURAN VERSE
● “And those who
strive in Our
(cause), -We
certainly guide
them to our paths:
For verily Allah is
with those who do
THANK YOU
FOR