Introduction in Agriculture

May L. Ladia
BSED 2F 1
 Definition of Agriculture
 History of Agriculture
 Branches of Agriculture
 Importance of Agriculture
 Common Agricultural Tools
BRANCHES OF AGRICULTURE
Branches of Agriculture

 Agronomy
 Horticulture
 Agricultural Engineering
 Agricultural Economics
 Animal Science
Agronomy

 “Agro” means land “nomy” means

management -management of
land is known as agronomy.
Horticulture

 “Horti”
means garden and
“culture” means cultivation.
Agricultural Engineering

 involves
knowledge of farm
machines or equipment and their
proper use and improvement.
Agricultural Economics

 dealswith the business end of

farming.
Animal Science

 is
basically the breeding and
caring of animal for specific
purposes, such as for their meat,
milk and/or fur.
 Definition of Agriculture
 History of Agriculture
 Branches of Agriculture
 Importance of Agriculture
 Common Agricultural Tools
IMPORTANCE OF AGRICULTURE
Source of Livelihood
Contribution to National Revenue
Supply of Food as well as Fodder
Significance to the International Trade
Source of Raw Materials
Significance in Transport
Foreign Exchange Resources

 The nation’s export trade depends largely on

agricultural sector. For example, agricultural
commodities such as jute, tobacco, spices,
oilseeds, raw cotton, tea as well as coffee
accounts for approximately 18 % of the entire
value of exports of a country. This demonstrates
that agriculture products also continue to be
important source of earning a country foreign
exchange.
Great Employment Opportunities

 Construction of irrigation schemes, drainage

system as well as other such activities in the
agricultural sector is important as it provides
larger employment opportunities. Agriculture
sector provides more employment opportunities
to the labor force that reduce the high rate of
unemployment in developing countries caused
by the fast growing population.
Economic Development

 Since agriculture employs many people it

contributes to economic development. As a
result, the national income level as well as
people’s standard of living is improved. The fast
rate of development in agriculture sector offers
progressive outlook as well as increased
motivation for development. Hence, it aids to
create good atmosphere for overall economic
development of a country. Therefore, economic
development relies on the agricultural growth
rate.
Source of Saving

 Development in agriculture may also increase

savings. The rich farmers we see today started
saving particularly after green revolution. This
surplus quantity may be invested further in the
agriculture sector to develop the sector.
 This surplus amount can be invested in
agriculture sector for further; development of the
sector. Saving potentials are large in agriculture
sector which can be properly tapped for the
development of the country.
Food Security

 A stable agricultural sector ensures a nation of

food security. The main requirement of any
country is food security. Food security prevents
malnourishment that has traditionally been
believed to be one of the major problems faced
by the developing countries. Most countries rely
on agricultural products as well as associated
industries for their main source of income
 Definition of Agriculture
 History of Agriculture
 Branches of Agriculture
 Importance of Agriculture
 Common Agricultural Tools
COMMON AGRICULTURAL TOOLS
 Hand Tools
 Bolo  Hand Cultivator
 Crowbar  Hand Fork
 Pick Mattock  Pruning Shears
 Grab Hoe  Axe
 Spade  Knife
 Shovel  Sprinkler
 Rake  Water Pail
 Spading Fork  Sprayer
 Light Hoe  Wheel Barrow
 Hand Trowel  Sickle
Bolo
 for
cutting tall grasses and weeds,
and chopping branches
Crowbar
 used for digging holes and for
digging out big stones and
stumps.
Pick Mattock
 used for digging canals, breaking
hard topsoil and for digging up
stones and tree stumps
Grab Hoe
 this
is used for breaking hard
topsoil and pulverizing soil
Spade
 usedfor removing trash or soil,
digging canals or ditches and
mixing soil media.
Shovel
 usedin removing trash, digging
loose soil, moving soil from
one place to another and for
mixing soil media.
 Shovel Spade
Bowl-shaped
Flat (or nearly
Blade Shape (concave) with a
flat) with a
rounded or
straight edge
pointed tip
Shorter shaft,
Handle/Shaft Long, straight may have a “T” or
shaft “D” handle
Blade Size
Larger Smaller

Slicing through
Digging, breaking
Best Uses soil and roots,
up, and turning
moving soil and
soil
loose material
Rake
 used for cleaning the ground and
leveling the topsoil
Spading Fork
 used for loosening the soil,
digging out root crops and turning
over the materials in a compost
heap
Light Hoe
 used for loosening and leveling
soil and digging out furrows
for planting
Hand Trowel
 used for loosening the soil around
the growing plants and putting
small amount of fertilizer in the
soil.
Hand Cultivator
 used for cultivating the garden
plot by loosening the soil and
removing weeds
Hand Fork
 used for inter row cultivation
Pruning Shears
 is
for cutting branches of planting
materials and unnecessary
branches of plants
Axe
 used for cutting bigger size post
Knife
 usedfor cutting planting materials
and for performing other
operations in horticulture.
Sprinkler
 usedfor watering seedlings and
young plants
Water Pail
 used for hauling water, manure
and fertilizers
Spraye
r
 piece of equipment that is used to
apply herbicides, pesticides, and
fertilizers on agricultural crops.
Wheel Barrow
 used for hauling trash, manures,
fertilizers, planting materials
and other
Sickle
 is
a hand tool with a variously
curved blade typically used for
cutting weeds
 Farm Implements
 theseare accessories which are
being pulled by working animals or
mounted to machineries which
are usually used in the
preparation of land
 Plows
 Harrow
 Rotavator
Plow
 used for tilling large areas,
making furrows and inter row
cultivation
Harrow
 draggedover plowed land to
break up clods, remove weeds,
and cover seed.
Rotavator
 power-driven agricultural machine
 axle on which are mounted L-
shaped blades
 the blades chop and stir the
surface of the soil.
Thank You !
LADIA, MAY L.
BSED 2F 1