Dear Lord and Father of all,

Thank you for today. Thank you for ways in

which you provide for us all. For Your protection
and love we thank you. Help us to focus our
hearts and minds now on what we are about to
learn. Inspire us by Your Holy Spirit as we listen
and write. Guide us by your eternal light as we
discover more about the world around us.

We ask all this in the name of Jesus. Amen.

RELATIONS
AND
FUNCTIONS
 Objectives
01 Distinguish the types 03 Distinguish functions
of relation from one from non - functions
another

02 Recognize the type of 04

relation from its
representative graph, map,
or table of values
 Introduction
The lesson will cover the definition of
mathematical relations, how to
represent mathematical relations, and
the different types of relations.
Moreover, the students will learn
about functions, a special kind of
relation where one x value gets
mapped to a specific y value.
MOTIVATION
- Using the mentimeter all you
have to do is give the meaning of
relationship base on your
knowledge. (Be as hugot as you
can!)
 YOUR
LEARNING
INPUT BEGIN
HERE!
 Mathematical Definition of Relations
- A relation between sets refers to any
connection between two sets of anything –
whether its numbers, letters, shapes, whatever
you decide to place in your sets.

- Is a set of ordered pairs

{(1,1)(2,3)(3,5)(4,7)(5,9)}
- The set of all first coordinates in the domain (x), of the relation.
The set of all second coordinates is the range (y) of the relation.

{(1,1)(2,3)(3,5)(4,7)(5,9)}

Domain (x) = {1,2, 3, 4, 5} Input

Range (y) = {1, 3, 5, 7, 9} Output

 Definition of Relations

Figure 1. A normal representation of a relation, highlighting the domain and range.

 REPRESENTATIONS OF RELATIONS
Aside from ordered pairs, a RELATION can also be represented in three (3)
different ways:
Ex: {(1,1),(2,3),(3,5),(4,7),(5,9)}

TABLE OF VALUES MAPPING DIAGRAM GRAPH

x y
1 1

2 3

3 5

4 7

5 9
Sometimes, a table of values may be represented in
set notation form, that is, each pair is written down
in this manner below.

Figure 3. A set notation representation based on Fig 2, right.

 TYPES OF RELATIONS
In general, there are three kinds of relations, depending on how
many “partners” our domain values (x-values) have. We have:

- A one-to-one relation is a type of relation where ONE x goes to

exactly ONE y, and ONE y is paired up with exactly ONE x.

- A one-to-many relation is one where ONE x can go to MULTIPLE

values of y.

- A many-to-one relation is one where MULTIPLE values of x go

to EXACTLY one value of y. Each relation is illustrated through
mapping diagrams below.
 TYPES OF RELATIONS

one-to-one relation one-to-many relation many-to-one relatio

One-to-one {(1,1),(2,3),(3,5),(4,7),(5,9)}

One-to-many {(1,1),(1,3),(3,5),(3,7),(3,9)}

Many-to-one {(1,1),(3,1),(5,1)(7,5),(9,5)}
 Representing Relations
It is easy to transform one
representation to the other,
meaning, I can turn this
mapping diagram above into a
table of values, and from the
table of values, I can
transform it into a graph, as
well. Consider the mapping Figure 6. A relation represented through a mapping
diagram of the original diagram.

example we had.
 To turn this into a table of values, we simply list our x values in one
column, and write their partner y values in the opposite column. We must
be careful, though, to pay good attention to where the arrows lead.

Since we see that 1 goes to 5, when

we write 1 on the x column, we must
write 5 on the y column. The same will
apply to 2 and 3, who both go to 4.

Figure 7. A table of values based on the relation in

Fig 5
From here, we can construct the graph, by simply plotting our (x,y) points
on the Cartesian plane, like shown below:

Fig 8. A graph based on Fig 5 and Fig 6

PRACTICE
Let’s Try!

Graph and list the domain and range of each relation. Identify the kind of
relation.

{(1,3),(2,3),(3,4),(4,5),(5,6)}

Domain (x): {1,2,3,4,5}

Range (y): {3,3,4,5,6}

Kind of Relation:
Many-to-one relation
 X Y
1 3
2
4
3
5
4

5 6
 A. IDENTIFICATION
Direction: Identify the relations shown are represented through set notation, a
table of values, a mapping diagram, or a graph.
 FUNCTION
- A function is a special type of relation.

- A rule that pairs each element in one set,

called the domain, with exactly one element
from as second set, called the range.

{(1,1),(2,3),(3,5),(4,7),(5,9)} FUNCTION
{(1,1),(2,3),(1,5),(4,7),(5,9)} NOT A FUNCTION
 TYPES OF RELATIONS

one-to-one relation one-to-many relation many-to-one relatio

One-to-one {(1,1),(2,3),(3,5),(4,7),(5,9)} FUNCTION

One-to-many {(1,1),(1,3),(3,5),(3,7),(3,9)} NOT A FUNCTION

Many-to-one {(1,1),(3,1),(5,1)(7,5),(9,5)} FUNCTION

Let’s Try!
Determine whether each relation is a function.

1. A = {(1,1),(2,1),(3,5),(4,7),(5,9)} FUNCTION

2. A = {(a,b),(b,d),(c,e),(c,f),(d,e)} NOT A FUNCTION

3. X 1 4 8 10 12 FUNCTION
y 2 4 6 8 10

4.

NOT A FUNCTION
 How will you
determine if a graph
is a function or not?
 THE VERTICAL LINE TEST
The Vertical Line Test tells us that if we drew as many
03 – anywhere on the
vertical lines as we want on our graph
graph – if the graph is that of a function, no matter where
or how many times you draw a vertical line, these vertical
lines should only touch or intersect with the graph ONCE.
If any vertical line intersects with any part of the graph
04
more than once, then it is NOT a function. Here are some
examples of the Vertical Line Test being applied.
Function Not A Function Not A Function

Figure 9. The Vertical Line Test applied to multiple relations.

 FUNCTION OR NOT
1. FUNCTION
How will you
determine if
the equation is 2. NOT A FUNCTION
a function or
not?

3. FUNCTION

4. FUNCTION

5. NOT A FUNCTION
ACTIVITY
 A. FOLLOW THE GIVEN STEPS
Direction: A relation is represented below. Follow the given steps to
produce the other possible representations.
ASSIGNMENT:

ESSAY
Direction: Using your current knowledge on
the mathematical meaning of relationships,
and your previous knowledge on
relationships, compare the difference
between the two meanings.
THANK YOU
