Name: Sriparna Saha

Class: XI Science
Roll: 48
Sub: Chemistry
 TOPIC
Periodic Table
Genesis of Periodic Classification

Dobereiner’s triad
The atomic mass of the middle element is equal to the arithmetic mean of the atomic masses of
the other two elements. E.g.:
1st position 2nd position 3rd position

Lithium (6.941u) Sodium (22.989u) Potassium (39.098u)

Newland’s octaves
If the chemical elements are arranged according to increasing atomic weight, those with
similar physical and chemical properties occur after each interval of seven elements.
o Chancourtois tellurique screw
French mineralogist Émile Béguyer de
Chancourtois developed a system to
arrange all the then- known elements
according to their relative atomic
masses.

 Mendeleev’s periodic table

The physical and chemical properties of
the elements are the periodic functions
of their atomic mass.
 Modern Periodic Table
The periodic table is a rows and columns arrangement of
the chemical elements.
It is based on Moseley’s Law which states that –
“The physical and chemical properties of the
elements are the periodic functions of their atomic
number”
CLASSIFICATION OF
BLOCK WISE

ELEMENTS
CLASSIFICATION

CLASS WISE
CLASSIFICATION
CLASSIFICATION OF ELEMENTS BASED
ON BLOCKS

s-block p-block

d-block f-block
s-block elements
The s-block elements from group 1 and group 2
of the periodic table are called alkali and
alkaline earth metals, respectively. Since these
elements have their last electron in the s-
subshell, they are called s-block elements.

Electronic configuration: ns(1−2).

Groups: 1 and 2
Used: water softening, manufacture of glass,
paper, paints, etc.
 PROPERTIES
 They all are metals.(except Hydrogen)
 They have low ionization enthalpies.
 They lose the outermost electron(s) to form cation.
 Compounds of s-Block are ionic in nature (Exception: beryllium and lithium
 Because of high reactivity they are never found pure in nature
 Metallic character increases down the group
p-block elements
p block elements are those in which the p - subshell
has three p-orbitals each of which can accommodate a
maximum of two electrons, therefore there are six
groups of p-block elements.
Electronic configuration: n s 2 n p 1 - 6 .
Groups: 13 to 18
Used: aircraft, bulletproof vests , etc.
Properties
 Their ionization enthalpies are relatively higher .
 Theyreadily react with nonmetals to form ionic
compounds
 They are shiny and are good conductors of heat and
electricity.
 These metals have high melting points
d-block elements
Transition metals are found in the periodic table between the s-block and p-block elements.
Thus, they are called d-block elements. Transition metals are unstable metals that display
transitional behavior between s and p block elements.
Electronic configuration: (n-1) (d0-10) n(s1-2)
Groups: 3 – 12
Used: industries as catalysts for various reactions, aircrafts and building cars
Properties
 These are metallic in nature.
 They are hard and have high densities.
 They have high melting and boiling point.
 They shows variable oxidation states.
 They form colored ions and compounds.
 f-block elements
These elements , found in the two rows at the bottom of the periodic table,
are called inner transition metals and have valence electrons in the f-orbital
Electronic configuration: (n−2)f1−14 (n−1)d0−10 ns2
Group: 3
Used: telecommunications, medicine, imaging, sensors, energy, data
storage.
 PROPERTIES

 These elements are complex and heavy metals.

 They have high melting and boiling points.
 These elements exhibit varying oxidation states.
 They form colored ions.
Class wise classification of elements

Representative
Inert gas
elements

Transition Inner transition

elements elements
Representative elements
• s -block and p-block elements are collectively known as representative
elements i.e. groups 1, 2 and 13-18

Transition elements
• Transition elements (also known as transition metals) are elements that
have partially filled d orbitals.

Inner transition elements

• Inner transition metals are those elements in which the last electron
enters the f-orbital i.e. lanthanides and actinides

Inert gases
• An inert gas is a gas which does not undergo chemical reactions under a
set of given conditions.
 Advantages of classification

Periodic table made the study of physical and chemical

properties of elements simple and organized.
 provide us with a fixed pattern in which the elements
change their properties periodically.
The modern periodic law states that the properties of
elements are a periodic function of their atomic number.
Drawbacks of Modern Periodic table

 Uncertainty regarding the position of hydrogen whether it should be

placed in the IA group or VIIA group.
 Lanthanides and Actinides are kept separately under the table and not
within the periodic table.
 Helium has its valence electrons in s-subshell but shares its place with the
p-block elements
Thanks For Watching