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Quarter 2
Anarose M. Quinto
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Analyzing the Arguments

Used by the Writers in
Manifestoes
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What are
these
men
doing?
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argument
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The two men are having an

argument. They probably
disagreeing on something and
each wants to have his idea
accepted by the other.
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- There is beauty in argument. Do you believe

this?
- When we argue on things, it doesn’t mean that
we are putting up a fight. Arguments help us to
clear out thoughts and express it for better
understanding of an issue for the ultimate
reason of helping oneself formulate better
stance or decision.
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When a person writes, he sends his

message or idea to the readers. He
persuades his readers to accept his
opinion on an issue or topic.
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For instance, a writer believes that granular

lockdown would prevent more people from
getting sick and infected with the virus as
opposed to extending the community
quarantine for another six months . This is his
argument in his paper.
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ARGUMENT
- defined as a reason or the reasoning
given for or against a matter under
discussion — compare evidence,
proof
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ARGUMENT
- An argument is a set of ideas put together to
prove a point. It is different from the “real
world’ meaning where an argument denotes
“fight” or “conflict”.
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ARGUMENT
- In persuading the readers to accept his stand,
the writer presents proofs on why his stand
should be accepted. He enumerates reasons
for this. His intention is to make his readers
totally agree to his position.
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manifesto
- Manifesto is defined as a written
statement declaring publicly the
intentions, motives, or views of its issuer.
- Press release, proclamation
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How do we know if the writer

makes a solid, good argument?
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A reader must be able to assess or

gauge the writer’s arguments in his
paper. He should be able to evaluate
the statements made by the writer as
whether strong or sound.
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Three major ways that authors present an

argument:
• Reasoning – giving logical explanation of the
argument.
• Evidence – presenting statistics, facts, and
studies
• Appeal – stimulate the reader's emotions
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Parts of Argument:
1.Claim
- a statement that summarizes the main
idea; point of the argument
2.Evidences/reasons
- details or facts that support the claim
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Example 1:
Computers have made life easier and more
convenient for everybody. Through the internet,
computers make communication much more
convenient. Email makes it possible to
communicate with people instantly at any time of
day. This is important for both our work and
personal lives.
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Example:
Computers have made life easier and more
convenient for everybody (claim). Through the
internet, computers make communication much
more convenient. Email makes it possible to
communicate with people instantly at any time of
day(evidence). This is important for both our work
and personal lives.
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Example 2:
If you want to have a better future, you
should study hard because more
knowledge will bring more opportunities
for you to achieve better possibilities in
profession and even in your personal
growth.
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Example 2:
If you want to have a better future, you
should study hard because more
knowledge will bring more opportunities
for you to achieve better possibilities in
profession and even in your personal
growth.
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Activity:
Identify the Claim.
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However, it would be a serious mistake to replace

libraries with tablets. First, digital books and
resources are associated with less learning and more
problems than print resources. A study done on tablet
vs book reading found that people read 20-30% slower
on tablets, retain 20% less information, and
understand 10% less of what they read compared to
people who read the same information in print.
Additionally, staring too long at a screen has been
shown to cause numerous health problems, including
blurred vision, dizziness, dry eyes, headaches, and eye
strain, at much higher instances than reading print
does.
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However, it would be a serious mistake to replace

libraries with tablets. First, digital books and
resources are associated with less learning and more
problems than print resources. A study done on tablet
vs book reading found that people read 20-30% slower
on tablets, retain 20% less information, and
understand 10% less of what they read compared to
people who read the same information in print.
Additionally, staring too long at a screen has been
shown to cause numerous health problems, including
blurred vision, dizziness, dry eyes, headaches, and eye
strain, at much higher instances than reading print
does.
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Activity:
Identify if the sentence
expresses a claim or not.
Write Claim or Not Claim.
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1. Progress is required to
keep the economy moving
forward.
2.If you feel sick, you should
rest, drink plenty of fluid,
and eat nutritious food
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3. Marginalized Filipinos
should be the priority to
health care.
4. Vaccines are now in clinical
trials so in the future, people
may have them.
5. Respect begets respect.
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Answer:
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Types of Arguments:
✓ Deductive Arguments
- proceeds from general
ideas/facts to specific
inferences.
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Example 1:
Premise 1: All men are mortal (major
premise/very general statement
Premise2: Railey is a man. (minor
premise/more specific)

Conclusion: Railey is a mortal. (very specific

statement)
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Example 2:
All students in this class play
guitar. Sam is a student of this
class.
Therefore, Sam plays guitar.
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Example 3:
All dogs bark. Fido is a
dog, so he barks.
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Types of Arguments:
✓ Inductive Arguments
- derives from specific
observations lead to a general
conclusion
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Example 1:
Premise: The past Marvel movies have been
incredibly successful at the box office.

Conclusion: Therefore, the next Marvel movie

will probably be successful.
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Example 2:
Every quiz has been easy.
Therefore, the test today will
be easy.
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Example 3:
The teacher used PPT in the
last few classes. Therefore, the
teacher will use PPT
tomorrow.
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Inductive vs Deductive:
My mother is an Irish. She has a
blond hair. Therefore, everyone
from Ireland has blond hair.
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Inductive:
My mother is an Irish. She has a
blond hair. Therefore, everyone
from Ireland has blond hair.
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Deductive:
My mother is an Irish. Everyone
from Ireland has blond hair.
Therefore, my mother has blond
hair.
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Inductive vs Deductive:
Max is a shelter dog. All shelter
dogs are happy. Therefore, Max is
happy.
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Deductive:
Max is a shelter dog. All shelter
dogs are happy. Therefore, Max is
happy.
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Inductive:
Max is a shelter dog. He is happy.
Therefore, all shelter dogs are
happy.
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Activity:
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FACT or BLUFF:
1. An argument is backed up with
evidences.
2. When we examine an argument,
we also evaluate the facts presented.
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FACT or BLUFF:
3. In making his argument, the writer persuades
his readers to agree with his opinion or what he
believes in.
4. An appeal elicits emotions and empathy from
readers.
5. When we analyze an argument, we look for
passages that hint conclusion.
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II. Give your opinion on the

topics below. Be sure to apply the
learning you have in analyzing
arguments in manifestos.
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1. Online class is better than face to

face class.
2. School uniform should /should not be
mandatory.
3. Students must be given all
considerations and shall be promoted
to the next grade level even if they
fail to comply the necessary
academic requirements.
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Thank you.