Philippine Native Pig

Indigenous, belonging
to a large undefined
population without any
uniform traits usually
ascribed to a breed.
MANAGEMENT
OF BOARS
 CARE &
MANAGEMENT
OF GILTS AND
SOWS
PUBERTY: 5-8 month of Age.
GESTATION LENGTH: 110-120 days
(114 average)
 CARE &
MANAGEMENT
OF BABY PIGS FROM
BIRTH TO WEANING
 CARE &
MANAGEMENT
OF GROWING –
FINISHING PIGS
 COMMON SWINE DISEASES

CAUSES:
Bacteria
Virus
Parasites
Nutritional Deficiency
 BACTERIA

Colibacillosis (E. Coli)

Swine Dysentery
Clostridium
Brucellosis
Salmonellosis
Erysipelas
Leptospirosis
Tetanus
Pneumonia
 COLIBACILLOSIS

From contaminated water supply, change in feed

which upsets balance of bacteria in intestines, and
stress factors like weaning, vaccination, and
transfer to other pens.
common disease of nursing and weanling pigs
caused by colonization of the small intestine by
strains of Escherichia coli (ETEC) typically results
in a severe, whitish watery diarrhea and
dehydration, causing high mortality.
 SWINE DYSENTERY

(Bloody Scours)
Swine dysentery is a mucohemorrhagic diarrheal
disease of pigs that is common to the large intestine
and most often observed in growing-finishing pigs.
Prevention and Treatment
Antibiotics in feed for two weeks when disease is
prevalent.
Quarantine new arrivals for a week and feed high
level antibiotics
 CLOSTRIDIUM

Sudden onset of hemorrhagic diarrhea followed by

collapse and death commonly in piglets 1–3 days old.

 Entire litters are typically affected, and mortality is

close to 100%. In less severe cases, brownish liquid
feces develop at 3–5 days. Infrequently, pigs develop
a persistent, pasty-gray diarrhea and become
progressively emaciated.
 BRUCELLOSIS

Abortion when sow is at second or third month of

pregnancy.
Irregular heat cycles, presence of repeat breeders.
Still births.
Signs
Aborted fetus.
Small litter or weak piglets.
May or may not have metritis.
Uneven testes
Localization of agent in joint causes in coordination,
paralysis and lameness
 SALMONELLOSIS

Inflammation and necrosis of the small and large

intestines, resulting in diarrhea. Infection may be
accompanied by generalized sepsis (Blood
Poisoning) and abortion.
. Pigs of all ages are susceptible; however, intestinal
salmonellosis is most common in weaned and
growing-finishing pigs.
 SWINE ERYSIPELAS

Erysipelas is a systemic bacterial disease

characterized by diamond shaped skin lesions and
arthritis in its chronic forms.
High fever.
Sperm can be affected during all the development
period, which lasts 5 to 6 weeks.
Abortions.
Mummified piglets.
Sudden death is frequent due to acute septicemia or
heart failure.
 LEPTOSPIROSIS

Leptospirosis can be a serious reproductive disease

of pigs that can also cause major (non-reproductive)
illness in humans.
It causes abortion, stillborn and weak piglets, and
deaths soon after birth.
generally occur in the last 3 weeks of pregnancy
may be as early as day 16 of pregnancy in susceptible
pigs that have received a massive dose of bacteria.
 TETANUS

Tetanus is caused by a toxin produced by Clostridium

tetani. The bacteria are commonly found in the
environment, particularly in soil, dust and manure.
All animal species and people can become infected.
Tetanus can occur anywhere. Due to the availability
of effective vaccines, tetanus is now a rare disease
Symptoms include:
'locking' of the jaw
an increasing stiffness of other muscles
difficulty in breathing and swallowing.
 PNEUMONIA

causes lung lesions that can be detected post-

mortem. Clinical signs, if present, are often a dry
cough and reduced growth. Partial disease control
can be achieved via improved management practices,
antimicrobial treatment, and vaccination.

Possible causes of pneumonia are bacteria, viruses,

parasites, extreme daily temperature, chemicals,
dust and other irritants from the environment.
 VIRUS

African Swine Fever

Hog Cholera/ Classical Swine Fever
Foot and Mouth Disease
PRRS
Pseudo rabies
 AFRICAN SWINE FEVER

African swine fever (ASF) is an infectious viral disease that

can affect domestic and feral pigs of all ages. In its most
severe form, up to 100% of pigs may be affected and die.
The virus is highly resistant in the environment, meaning
that it can survive on clothes, boots, wheels, and other
materials. It can also survive in various pork products, such
as ham, sausages or bacon. Therefore, human behaviors
can play an important role in spreading this pig disease
across borders if adequate measures are not taken.
There is no treatment or vaccine available.
Clinical Signs

In the peracute form, pigs may:

be found dead with no prior clinical signs.
In the acute form, pigs may:
have a fever
lose their appetite, or have an irregular appetite
show incoordination
be reluctant to move and often lie down
display redness or blue blotching of the skin on ears, nose and
limbs
produce nasal and eye discharges
abort a pregnancy
vomitting
develop dysentery or diarrhea.
Clinical Signs

In the subacute form, pigs will:

display clinical signs as per the acute form
generally display milder clinical signs that may last 3–4 weeks.
In the chronic form, pigs may:
have recurrent fever
fail to thrive
develop pneumonia
develop arthritis
develop skin ulcers
suffer complicating secondary infections often resulting in
death.
 HOG CHOLERA/CLASSICAL SWINE
FEVER
Highly contagious and often fatal viral disease of
swine. Infected pigs develop fever, hemorrhages,
lethargy, yellowish diarrhea (Constipation later
followed by diarrhea ), vomiting, and a Reddish,
purple discoloration of the ears, lower abdomen,
and legs. Neurologic signs, reproductive failures, and
abortion may also be observed.
Inflammation of the eye (conjunctivitis) thick
discharges causing eyelids to stick together.
Death ensures 4-7 days after onset of signs.
PREVENTION:
Elimination of exposed herds is used to prevent
disease expansion during .
Vaccination with highly effective to control CSF
spread.
 FOOT AND MOUTH
Clinical signs
A wide range of signs can occur, ranging from inapparent disease
with minimal lesions to severe clinical disease. It is extremely
contagious and many animals on a farm may become affected
simultaneously.
Clinical signs include:
blisters and ulcers in the mouth, feet and teats
Lameness, fever
unwillingness to eat
excessive salivation
Abortion, drop in milk production
sudden death in young animals.
If the disease is detected, it will be contained and eradicated as
quickly as possible
 PRRS

Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory

Syndrome is a viral disease
Aerosol transmission of the virus out to 9.1 km has
been confirmed. Environmental factors, such as
wind direction .PRRS virus can also be transmitted
by fomites, such as contaminated needles, boots,
coveralls, transport vehicles, and shipping containers
Clinical phases: reproductive failure and
postweaning respiratory disease.
Modified-live vaccines provide partial protection.
 PSEUDORABIES

Is a contagious herpesvirus that causes reproductive

problems, (failure to breed,abortion, mummufied
piglets, stillbirths and small litters),respiratory
problems (sneezing,coughing) and occasional deaths
in breeding and finishing hogs.
Can be prevented primarily through biosecurity and
sound management practices.
 PARASITES

Internal Parasites
Round Worms (Ascaris)

External Parasites
Mange (Mites, Lice , Ringworm and Ticks))
 ROUND WORMS

The large roundworm of pigs (Ascaris suum) is the

most common and widespread parasite of swine.
Males are up to 25 cm and females up to 40 cm long,
whitish, and quite thick.
Larval migration through the liver results in focal
hepatitis (milk spots) and condemnation of the liver
at slaughter but no clinical signs. Migration through
the lungs causes pulmonary lesions that can lead to
pneumonia
Anthelmintics
 MANGE (Mites/Lice, Ringworm and
Ticks)
External parasites produce a range of clinical signs
in pigs including intense itchiness, rubbing,
scratching, and skin lesions affected skin is
reddened and becomes thickened, scaly, and
wrinkled.
Some parasites also cause significant economic
effects due to reduced growth rate, reduced feed
efficiency, and loss of carcass value at slaughter.
Spray animals with insecticidal preparations
indicated for mange. Repeated spraying is
necessary to attain satisfactory results.
 NUTRITIONAL DEFICIENCY

Iron Deficiency (Anemia)

Osteoporosis and Rickets
Dehydration
 IRON DEFICIENCY

In piglets, anaemia is caused by low iron levels in

their haemoglobin, the part of blood that transports
oxygen through the body.
Navel bleeding can also cause anaemia through
blood loss
Faster growing piglets require more iron to maintain
the same level of blood haemoglobin than slower
growers. Normal supplement doses will provide
enough.
 OSTEOPOROSIS / RICKETS

Rickets is a disease of growing bones. Consequently, it

usually is seen in young, weaned, growing pigs in which
there is a deficiency, an imbalance, or a failure of utilization
of calcium, phosphorous or vitamin D. Rickets usually is
caused by a dietary deficiency of vitamin D or phosphorus.
Properly balanced rations, including adequate calcium,
phosphorus (in the proper ratio) and vitamin D are
essential for prevention of rickets and osteoporosis.
Adequate exercise also is important for normal skeletal
development and maintenance. Treatment tends to be
unrewarding for both rickets and osteoporosis.
 DEHYDARATION
is the biggest problem and can cause death in most
cases; it must be immediately corrected by giving
fluids.
Signs of Dehydration:
Piglet is thin and bony.
Animal urinates or defecates less frequently.
Dry nose.
Sunken eyes.
Rough hair coat.
Fails skin pinch test (pinched fold remains elevated
more than a few seconds)
Diarrhea can quickly lead to dehydration.
 PIGLET MEDICATION PROGRAM

DAY 1-3: Anti-Scour (Oral)

DAY 3:Iron
DAY 7: Mycoplasma Vaccine
DAY 10-14: Castration /Iron (Booster)
DAY 21: B-Complex
DAY 22-Weaning : Anti Stress (Oral)
GROWER STAGE MEDICATION PROGRAM

DAY 30-35: Weaning Day-Anti Stress (Oral)

DAY 42: Deworming/Vit. ADE
DAY 45-48: Antibiotic for any signs of scouring
DAY 49: Anti Hog Cholera
DAY 56: B-Complex
DAY 57-63: Vetracin
DAY 72: Deworming/Vit. ADE
DAY 91-98: Vetracin
 LACTATING SOW MEDICATION PROGRAM

DAY 1: Long Acting Antibiotic (10ml)

DAY 2: B-Complex
DAY 6: Mycoplasma Vaccine
DAY 14: Anti Parvo Virus
DAY 21: Anti Hog Cholera
DAY 30-35: Weaning
DAY 32/37 after Weaning: Deworming/B-Complex
 BIOSECURITY MEASURES

 maintain strict biosecurity

 only allow essential visitors to enter your farm, and insist that they
wear clean or disposible clothing and footwear, and wash their hands
(or shower in if possible)
 only allow vehicles and equipment on to the farm if they have been
cleaned and disinfected beforehand
 do not allow people who may have been in contact with
other pigs on to your farm
 do not allow staff and visitors to bring pork products on to
the farm
 do not allow catering waste / scraps to be fed to pigs -
dispose of it safely
 only source pigs and semen of known health status
THANK YOU!!!