Non-timber forest products

• minor forest products

• all other products except timber, pulp wood

and chip wood and those from mines

• include firewood, charcoal, rattan, bamboo,

daluru, bark, resin, gum, wood oil, beeswax,
nipa, buri, fiber, dyewood, vine, flowering
plants, ferns, orchids and other forest growth
SOURCES OF FIBER AND STRUCTURAL MATERIALS

1.0 Rattan
• Palasan (Calamus merrillii Becc.)
• Limuran (C.ornatus var philippinensis Becc.)
• Tagiktik (C. flispadix Becc.)
• Sika (C.caesius Blume)
• Sika-sika (C. microsphaerion Becc.)
• Tumalim (C.mindorensis Becc.)
• Sumulid (Daemonorops ochrolepis Becc.)
• Malacca (C. scipinum Lour.)
• Tandulang gubat (C. dimorphacantus Becc.)
• Biri (C. siphonophatus Mart)
2.0 Buri

• Corypha elata Roxb.

Synonymous with C. utan
Lamk.
• Frond (long leaf) is most
important part
• Rachis or petiole yields
buntal fibers for woven
materials, ropes
• Mature leaves for covering
tobacco bales
• Midribs for furniture, hats
and cigarette cases
3.0 Nipa
• Nypa fruticans Wurmb
• Roof shingles
• Woven materials
• Tying materials

4.0 Anahaw
• Livistona rotundifolia (Lam)
Mart. Var luzonensis Becc.)
• Roofing and thatching
• Containers
• Poles, construction posts in
fishpens and wharves
5.0 Bamboo
• Kauayang tinik (Bambusa
blumeana Schultes f.)
• Kawayan kiling (B. vulgaris
Schrad.)
• Laak (Sphaerobambos
philippinensis Gamble S. Dransf.
• Bayog (Dendrocalamus merrilianus
Elm)
• Buho (Schizostachyum lumampao
Blanco Merr.)
• Kayali (Gigantochloa atter Hassk
Kurz.)
• Bolo (G. levis Blanco Merr.)
• Anos (Schizostachyum lima
6.0 Forest vines
• Nito – Family Schizaeaceae, Genus Lygodium
• Kilob (Bleichenia linearis Burm Underw.)
• Hagnaya (Stenochalaena palustris Burm. Bedd.)
• Hinggiw (Streptocaulum baumi Decne; Ichnocarpus ovalifolius
A. DC. Syn. I. volubilis (Merr.)
• Balinguai (Flagellaria indica Linn.)
• Bamban (Donax cannaeformis Forst K. Sch.
• Pandan – karagomoi (Pandanus simplex Merr.); sabotan (P.
sabotan Blanco)
• Tikog (Fimbristylis utilis Elm.; F. globulosa (Retz) Kunth.
• Tiger grass (Thysanolaena maxima Knutze)
• Salago (Wikstroemia sp)
• Malabuho (Sterculia oblongata R. Br.)
• Anabo (Abroma fastousa Jacq.)
• Kollot (Urena lobata Linn)
SOURCES OF RAW MATERIALS FOR
MEDICINES AND COSMETICS
1.0 Lagundi
• Vitex negundo L.
• Bark as dewormer
• Leaves for headache
• Boiled seeds as anti poison
• To treat asthma and cough

2.0 Akapulko
• Cassia alata L.
• To treat skin fungal infection
3.0 Sambong
• Blumea balsamifera L. DC.
• Roots for colds
• Leaves for headaches
• Leaf decoction for diarrhea, worms,
rheumatism

4.0 Tsang gubat

• Carmona retusa Vahl Masam

5.0 Niog-niogan
• Quisqualis indica L.
• For coughs and as a dewormer
6.0 Bangkoro or Noni
• Morinda citrifolia L.
• Leaves for ulcers
• Sap as antiarthritic
• Improve immune system
7.0 Balanoy
• Ocimum basilicum L.
• Decoction of roots and leaves
for gonorrhea
• For rheumatic pains and
paralysis
8.0 Gogo
• Entada phaseoloides L. Merr.
• Hair and scalp cleansing
agent
TREE EXUDATES AND EXTRACTIVES

Tree exudate
• Products discharged naturally by
trees and other tree growth

• Could be discharged naturally or

induced by inflicted wounds on trees

• includes resins, gums, latex, tannin

and sap

• Important ingredients of varnishes,

paints, lacquers, rubber products, and
medicinal ointment
1.0 Resin
• Substances secreted
in special ducts ~
resin ducts/canals
• Ooze and harden
upon exposure
• Incisions or stem
tapping
• Semi-solid and
insoluble in water but
soluble in alcohol,
ether and volatile oils
• Soften and melts to
a clear viscid fluid
 Types of resins
1.1 Hard resins

1. Manila copal – almaciga

a. More or less insoluble in solvents but
rendered soluble by melting
b. Amorphous free resin acids
c. Stripping bark
d. Used as incense, varnish, lacquer,
linoleum, paper sizing, floor and sealing
wax, shoe polish, cheap soap
Little or small amounts of essential oils
1. Balau – apitong group of Dipterocarps
a. Chopping halfway through trunk
b. Dissolves in organic solvents except

alcohol
c. Used as varnish but less durable than
Manila copal though adheres better
d. Caulking boats, medicinal ointments,
illuminants
2. Damar – Hopea and Shorea
a. Partially soluble in alcohol
b. Lacquer, fume proofs, enamels,
plastics, printing inks, ointments
1.2 Oleoresins

1. Manila elemi – Burseraceae

a. Soft, sticky, opaque, slightly yellow
b. Agreeable odor
c. Spicy and bitter taste
d. Ointments, varnish, ink, adhesives,
plasters, perfumes

2. Turpentine or naval stores – conifers

Considerable amounts of essential oils
Types of naval stores
1. Gum naval stores – tapped living pine trees
2. Sulfate naval stores – conversion of pine
wood chips to pulp by sulphate
3. Wood naval stores – from saturated pine
stumps long after tree has been felled

Uses of naval stores

3. Paints, varnishes, paint thinners
4. 2. Shoe polish, leather dressing, water
proofing, liniments, insecticides
2.0 Dyes and tannins
• Sibukaw – Caesalpinia sappan L –Dyes for wood,
cotton textiles, printing materials
• Banato – Mallotus philippinensis –Kamala powder
(red pigment)
• Payangit – Marsdenia tinctoria –Blue dye
• Siar – Peltophorum pterocarpum –Red dye for
batik
• Kamachile – Pithecelobium dulce –Tanning
leather
• Tangal – Ceriops tagal –Red and black dye for
batik
• Busain – Bruguiera gymnorhiza –Dark brown dye
3.0 Gum and latex
1. Genodorum nutans gum – joining parts of
musical instruments
2. Anubing gum – chewing gum
3. Gumihan gum – hardens and becomes
brittle
4. Katurai gum – substitute for gum arabic
5. Binuga gum – parts of musical instruments
6. Gum chicle – from chico; chewing gum
7. Gutta percha – insulating material for
underwater cables, surgical instruments
8. Rubber – Moraceae, Euphorbiaceae,
Apocynaceae
Essential oils

• Mixture of fragrant, volatile compounds

• Several uses –Luxury perfumers –
Cosmetics –Cleaners –Aroma compds added
to hazardous products –Citronella oil,
camphor oil, eucalyptus oil
Seed oils
• Lumbang – varnish
• Hanga or petroleum nut –
dihydroterpene
• Bitaog – illuminant, soap, varnish
• Bulala or kapulasan – lamp oil
• Botong – lamp oil
• Putat – illuminant
• Pangi – illuminant and soaps
• Talisay – sub for almond oil
I. Write the Scientific Name of the following. 2 pts each.
1. Palasan - ________________________________
2. Limuran - ________________________________
3. Tagiktik - ________________________________
4. Sika - ________________________________
5. Tumalim - ________________________________
6. Sumulid - ________________________________
7. Buri - ________________________________
8. Nipa - ________________________________
9. Anahaw - ________________________________
10.Kauayang tinik - ________________________________
11.Kawayan kiling - ________________________________
12.Bayog - ________________________________
13.Kayali - ________________________________
14.Bolo - ________________________________
15.Lagundi - ________________________________
16.Acapulco - ________________________________
17.Sambong - ________________________________
18.Busain - ________________________________
19.Tangal - ________________________________
20.Kamachile - ________________________________
Thank You !