MUSI

C
MUSI The science and arts

C
-is the science and art
of expressing one’s
of expressing one’s thoughts
andthoughts and
ideas vocally or ideas
instrumentally.
vocally or
ELEMENT
S OF
MUSIC
 RHYTHM – ORDERED
FLOW OF MUSIC
THROUGH TIME; THE
PATTERN OF DURATIONS
OF NOTES AND SILENCE IN
MUSIC, COMBINATION OF
LONG AND SHORT SOUNDS,
NOTES AND REST.
DUCATION
 PARTS OF A NOTE

DUCATION
 PARTS OF A NOTE

DUCATION
PARTS OF A NOTE
 PARTS OF A NOTE

DUCATION
 NOTES & REST CHART

DUCATION
DOTTED NOTE IS A NOTE WITH A SMALL DOT WRITTEN
AFTER IT. THE DOT INCREASES THE DURATION OF THE
BASIC NOTE BY HALF OF ITS ORIGINAL VALUE.
 AS METER SIGNATURE) A NUMERICAL SIGN
AFTER THE KEY SIGNATURE TO SPECIFY HOW
MANY BEATS (PULSES) ARE TO BE CONTAINED
IN EACH MEASURE

THE LOWER NUMERAL INDICATES THE NOTE

VALUE THAT REPRESENTS ONE BEAT. (THIS
NUMBER IS TYPICALLY A POWER OF 2)
THE UPPER NUMERAL INDICATES HOW MANY
SUCH BEATS CONSTITUTE A MEASURE.

DUCATION
 MEASURE- SPACE BETWEEN TWO BAR LINES

DUCATION
TIME SIGNATURES

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
 Tempo - means time in
Italian. The expression
found at the top left
corner of the musical
staff indicates how fast
the music should be
played.
 MELODY
Melody

an element of music also known as the

tune, the voice or the line ; a horizontal
presentation of pitch that goes up or
down either by step, skip, constant or
on stationary motion , derived from the
various scales.
IT REFERS TO THE LOUDNESS
AND SOFTNESS OF A GIVEN
SOUND
 HARMONY
FORM
Is the succession of
- THEtones
SHAPE OF
vertically
THE MUSIC
 FORM
FORM
-The shape of the music
--
UNITARY- Music

composed of one
part or section
only with the same
melodic
AAAAA
 Music
Binary Form

a two-part form music

with two contrasting
melodies
( AB)
Paruparong bukid na lilipad-lipad Music
Sa gitna ng daan papaga-pagaspas
Isang bara ang tapis
Isang dangkal ang manggas
Ang sayang de kola
Isang piyesa ang sayad
May payneta pa siya — uy!
May suklay pa man din — uy!
Nagwas de-ohetes ang palalabasin
Haharap sa altar at mananalamin
At saka lalakad nang pakendeng-
kendeng.
 Music
Ternary Form

a three-part form
featuring a return of the
initial music after a
contrasting section.
 ayang magiliw Sa dagat at bundok, Lupa ng araw,
erlas ng Sa simoy at sa langit ng luwalhati’t
ilanganan, mong bughaw, pagsinta,
lab ng puso, May dilag ang tula Buhay ay langit
a dibdib mo’y At awit sa paglayang sa piling mo;
uhay. minamahal. Aming ligaya,
upang Ang kislap ng watawat na pag may
inirang, mo’y mang-aapi
uyan ka ng Tagumpay na Ang mamatay
magiting, nagniningning, ng dahil sa iyo.
a manlulupig, Ang bituin at araw niya
i ka pasisiil. Kailan pa ma’y di
magdidilim.
THE QUALITY OF SOUND
Timbre - “quality of the
FORM
sound” or tone color. The
characteristic that allows
- THE SHAPE OF
us to distinguish between
THE
one MUSICand
instrument
another; female voice with
male voice.
 Texture
 Like an interweaving of
FORM
melody and harmony.
- THE
 May SHAPE
be light OFheavy
or thin,
THE MUSIC
or thick.
 Monophony, homophony,
polyphony
 polyphonic
 Round song(Row, row, row
FORM
your boat)
 Partner
- THE SHAPE OF
Song (Leron leron
and Pamulinawen)
THE MUSIC
 Descant(Seek ye first)
 Ostinato(O-o-igan or
Zumgali-gali)
2. LITURGY AND
DEVOTIONAL MUSIC
2. LITURGY AND
DEVOTIONAL MUSIC
Devotional Music is a hymn
which accompanies religious
observance and rituals.
is a Philippine narrative of the Passion, Death
and Resurrection of Jesus Christ in a form of
song with a dramatic theme.
It is a book of stanzas of five lines of eight
syllables.
The whole text is chanted and known as
“Pabasa” and is recited during Holy Week .
SALUBONG
Is a religious ritual that re-enacts the
meeting of the Risen Christ with His
mother o the dawn of Easter
Sunday. It is performed under a
prepared arch where the veiled
image of Virgin Mary has been
placed.
 A child dressed as an angel is lowered by
ropes from a high platform to lift the
morning veil of the grieving Mother while
other children dressed in angel costumes
sing the “Regina Coeli Laetare” meaning
“Queen of Heaven”. The church bells are
rung to signify the end of Virgin Mary’s
mourning for Jesus Christ’s resurrection
from the dead.
“SALUBONG”
 FLORES DE MAYO OR “FLOWERS OF MAY ”

-is a Catholic Festival held on the

month of May. It is one of devotions
to the Blessed Virgin Mary or “Alay”
(offering). The celebration is held
inside the church wherein children
bring flowers to offer to the image
of the Virgin Mary at the altar while
they sing the “Alay ng Bulaklak kay
Maria”
 SANTA CRUZAN
-is a religious- historical event that dramatizes
the finding of the Holy Cross by the Queen
Helena and her son, Constantine the Great. It
is held throughout the Philippines during the
month of May. As the sagalas and escorts
parade the street s of the community, the
musiko (brass band) accompanies the
procession with the music “Dios Te Salve
Maria” .
3. SECULAR
MUSIC
 Is a serenade traditionally sung
by a man to express his love to a
lady. It is sung with emotion
and usually accompanied by a
guitar.

“Ang Tangi Kong Pag-

ibig”, “O Ilaw”,

HARAN
“Dungawin mo Hirang”

A
Is in duple or quadraple meter in danza
menor or habanera tempo.
 Originated from
Balayan, Batangas.
Nicanor Abelardo was
inspired to compose
the “Mutya ng Pasig”
in kumintang tempo.

KUMINTANG
Is in triple meter with themes of love
and courtship.
IN THIS SONG, THE
MUTYA EXPRESSES HER
FEELING UNDER THE
LIGHT OF THE MOON.
SHE IS MOURNING THE
LOSS OF HER LOVE,
WHICH SYMBOLIZES THE
COUNTRY’S LOSS OF
FREEDOM.
PANDANGGO
 is a dance form that can be in the different
islands of Luzon such as Batanes, Ilocos,
Tarlac and parts of Visayas.
 It is a variation of the Spanish word fandango”
 It became popular among the elite of Manila
and was later adopted among the local
communities.
 A form of entertainment in the Tagalog Region
called Pandangguhan.
PANDANGGO
 Is a courtship

dance but also

referred to a type
of song to
entertain the
farmers in the
field.
 The singers are

called
“Pandanggeras
POLKA
 Originated from a Bohemian dance that became
popular in Europe and America in the early 19 th
century.
 In the Philippines, it was performed in elegant
evening gathering at the heights of its popularity
during the Spanish colonial period.
 The tempo is in quick duple meter while the
melody is supported by the chords/harmonies.
PHILIPPINE FOLKSONG
IN
POLKA RHYTHM
 Pamulinawen
 Magtanim Ay Di Biro
 Leron- Leron Sinta
 BALITAW
 Is a dialogue or courtship
song in triple meter, mostly
in 2 and 3 part forms and
arranged with counter
melodies.
 “Sa Libis ng Nayon”
 “Bakya Mo Neneng”
 “Arimunding –munding”
 KUNDIMAN (ART SONG)
 came from the words “kung hindi man”
 Through its melody, lyrics and
expressive singing, the kundiman
conveys a selfless and spiritual attitude,
intense love, longing, caring, devotion
and oneness not only with a romantic
partner, but also with a parent, child, a
spiritiual figure or the motherland.
 FAMOUS FILIPINO
KUNDIMAN COMPOSERS

1. Francisco Santiago
2. Nicanor Abelardo
3. Bonifacio Abdon
4. Francisco Buencamino
5. Angel Peña
 FAMOUS FILIPINO
KUNDIMAN
PERFORMENRS (EARLY
1990’S)
1. Atang de la Rama
2. Jovita Fuentes
3. Conching Rosal
4. Ruben Tagalog
 KUNDIMAN SONGS
1. Pilipinas Kong Mahal(Francisco
Santiago)

2. Huling Awit(Nicanor Abelardo)

3. Sa Sariling Bayan (V. Tolentino)
4. Iyo Kailan Pa Man (Angel Peña)
Instrumental
Music
 IS AN ENSEMBLE OF WOODWIND, BRASS,
AND PERCUSSION INSTRUMENTS. IN THE
PHILIPPINES, THEY ARE USUALY PLAYED
IN FIESTAS, RELIGIOUS, AND CIVIL
CELEBRATIONS.

THE GROWTH OF THE BANDS WAS SO

REMARKABLE THAT EVERY TOWN USED TO
HAVE TWO OR MORE BANDS. THEY
SOMETIMES PARTICIPATE AND EVEN COMPETE
IN MANY TOWN BAND COMPETITIONS.

A PARADING BRASS BAND IS

CALLED “MARCHING BAND”

BRASS BAND
AT PRESENT, PROVINCES LIKE RIZAL AND LAGUNA,
AND SCHOOLS LIKE THE PHILIPPINES MILITARY
ACADEMY, ARE HOME OF PROMINENT BRASS
WOOD
WINDS
 SHORTER THAN THE FLUTE.

THE SOUND IT
PRODUCES IS
THINNER THAN
PICCOL THE FLUTE.

O
 HAS A SINGLE-
REED
MOUTHPIECE
A STRAIGHT
CYLINDRICAL TUBE
WITH CYLINDRICAL

CLARINE
BORE, AND A FLARED
BELL
 COMMONLY USED
IN CLASSICAL
MUSIC CONCERT
BANDS, CHAMBER
MUSIC, AND SOLO
REPERTOIRE,
ALTO
MILITARY BANDS,
SAXOPHON
MARCHING BANDS,
AND JAZZ BANDS
E
 A MEDIUM-SIZED MEMBER
OF THE SAXOPHONE FAMILY.
MOST COMMON TYPES OF
SAXOPHONES ALONG WITH THE ALTO

PITCHED IN THE KEY B, AND

WRITTEN AS A TRANPOSING
INSTRUMNET IN THE TREBLE
CLEF
USED A LARGE MOUTHPIECE,
REED AND LIGATURE THAN
THE ALTO AND SOPRANO
TENOR SAXOPHONES

SAXOPHONE
EASILY DISTINGUISHED BY THE BEND
LNITS NECK, OR ITS CROOK NEAR THE
 AN AEROPHONE
(WIND
INSTRUMENT) THAT
PRODUCES ITS
SOUND FROM THE
SOUND IT
FLOW OF AIR
PRODUCES IS THIN
ACROSS AN
IN TIMBRE
FLUTE OPENING
BRASSWINDS
 SOUND IS PRODUCED
WHEN THE PLAYER’S
VIRATING LIPS
(EMBOUCHURE) CAUSE
THE AIR COLUMN INSIDE
THE INSTRUMENt TO
PITCH IS PRODUCED
VIBRATE
BY SLIDING THE
VALVE
TROMBONE
THE NAME MEANS
 PLAYED BY BLOWING
AIR THROUGH ALMOST-
CLOSED LIPS,
PRODUCING A
“BUZZING” SOUND THAT
STARTS A STANDING
HASVIBRATION
WAVE THE HIGHEST
IN THE

TRUMPE
AIRREGISTER IN THETHE
COLUMN INSIDE
BRASS FAMILY
INSTRUMENT

T
 KNOWN FOR ITS
DISTINCTIVE TONE
COLOR, WIDE RANGE,
VARIETY
CURRENT OF
MODELS
CHARACTER
ARE AND
PISTON-VALVED
ITAGILITY
IS A NON-
TRANSPOSING
INSTRUMENT
EUPHONIUM
A VALVE
 KNOWN AS THE BASS,
IS A TYPE PF TUBA
DESIGNED TO BE
EASIER THAN THE
CONCERT
WIDELY TUBA TOIN
EMPLOYED
PLAY WHILE
MARCHING BANDS
AND STANDING OR
VARIOUS OTHER
SOUSAPHON MUSICAL GENRES
MARCHING

ETUBIST’S
THE BELL IS ABOVE THE
HEAD AND
 QUALITY O THE SOUND
MAY ALSO BE
CONTROLLED THROUGH
THE ADJUSTMENT OF LIP
TENSION IN THE
MOUTHPIECE
A AND THE
BRASS INSTRUMENT
OPERATION
MADE OFOF VALVES
TUBING
BY THE LEFT
WRAPPED INTOHAND
COIL
FRENCH WITH S-FLARED BELL

HORN
COMMONLY KNOWN AS
PERCUSSION
 USED IN MANY
ENSEMBLES RANGING
FROM THE ORCHESTRA,
PERCUSSION
ENSEMBLES,
THE HEAVIERJAZZ
THE
BANDS, HEAVYTHE
CYMBALS, METAL
BANDS,
LOUDER AND
THE
CONSIST MARCHING
VOLUME
OF THIN,
NORMALLYBANDS
ROUND PLATES
OF VARIOUS ALLOYS

CYMBALS
THIN CYMBALS HAVE A FULLER
SOUND, HIGHER PITCH, AND
 KNOWN AS A SIDE
DRUM IS A EVER-
PRESENT PERCUSSION
INSTRUMENT KNOWN
FOR ITS CYLINDRICAL
SHAPEUSED
OFTEN ANDIN
ORCHESTRAS,
POWERFUL,CONCERT
BANDS, MARCHING BANDS,
SNARE STACCATO
PARADES, SOUND
DRUM
DRUM CORPS
LINES,

DRUM
PLAYED WITH DRUM
PRODUCES A NOTE
OF LOW DEFINITE
AND INDEFINITE
KNOWN AS
PITCH
PERCUSSION
INSTRUMENT AND
VARY IN SIZES
BASS
DRUM
LAS PINAS BAMBOO
ORGAN
A PHILIPPINE NATIONAL TREASURE, THE
BAMBOO ORGAN CAN BE FOUND IN ST.
JOSEPH’S CHURCH LAS PINAS CITY. IT IS MADE
OF 902 BAMBOO PIPES. IT WAS COMPLETED IN
1824 UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF FR. DIEGO
CERA. EVERY FEBRUARY, THE CITY CELEBRATES
THE INTERNATIONAL BAMBOO ORGAN
FESTIVAL. THIS AIMS TO PURSUE AND DEVELOP
THE RICH CULTURAL TRADITION OF LAS PINAS
CITY.
MUSIKONG
BUMBONG
ARE FILIPINO MARCHING BANDS THAT
USE WOODWIND INSTRUMENTS THAT
ARE MADE OF BAMBOO. THE SHAPES
AND THE SIZES ARE SIMILAR TO
BRASS BAND INSTRUMENTS BUT
HAVE A DIFFERENT SOUNDS. THE
MUSIKONG BUMBONG PLAYING
TOGETHER PRODUCES GOOD
HARMONY.
 THE D’ ORIGINAL MALABON MUSIKONG
BUMBONG STARTED AS A PLAIN BANDA DE
BOCA (MEANING “BIBIG” OR MOUTH) IN
BARRIO TONSUYA, MALABON IN 1896. FELIX
RAMOS WAS BOTH THE FOUNDER AND
INVENTOR OF THE BAMBOO INSTRUMENTS.
THE BAND WAS RENAMED SEVERAL TIMES
BUT IS CURRENTLY KNOWN AS
MUSIKAWAYAN UNDER THE LEADERSHIP OF
P/LT. COL. GILBERT M. RAMOS, A FOURTH
GENERATION DESCENDANT OF THE BAND’S
FOUNDER.
PANGKAT KAWAYAN
POPULARLY KNOWN AS THE “SINGING
BAMBOOS OF THE PHILIPPINES” IS AN
ORCHESTRA THAT PLAYS MUSIC
USING NON-TRADITIONAL BAMBOO
INSTRUMENTS. FOUNDED IN 1966, IT
IS ALWAYS COMPOSED OF YOUNG
STUDENTS WHO ARE SELECTED FROM
QUEZON CITY AND MANILA SCHOOLS.