LIE

DETENTION
TECHNOLOGY
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND O
POLYGRAPH
Hydrosphygmogr
aph modified by
Cesare Lombroso
to measure
physiological  Cesare Lombroso The first use of a scientific
responses instrument to measure physiological responses
was in 1895 when the doctor, psychiatrist, and
Italian criminologist Cesare Lombroso,
modified an existing instrument called a
hydrosphygmograph and used it to measure
physiological changes in the blood pressure
and pulse of a suspect questioned by police.
Polygraphy in the Middle-ages
Since the beginning of time man has been looking for an efficient
way to flush out the lie. Various innovative techniques were tried.
Some were ridiculous, other cruel, but they were all based on the
assumption that some physiological reaction occurred when a
person was confronted with a specific event under investigation
and that this reaction would have a detectable external
manifestation.

In 1730, the British novelist Daniel Defoe in his essay "An

Effectual Scheme to the Immediate Preventing and Suppressing of
Street Robberies all Other Disorders of the Night" advance a
theory that the pulse of a suspicious person can reveal that the
person is lying.
Angelo Mosso's
invention's the
polygraph
machine
ancestor  In 1878, the Italian physiologist
Angelo Mosso used an instrument
called a plethysmograph to detect
the change in blood pressure in
response to certain stimuli.
 The first clinical
polygraph by Sir
James Mackenzie
Sir James
Mackenzie, M.D.  Sir James Mackenzie, MD, constructed the
first polygraph in 1892. An instrument that
could be used during medical examinations
with the ability to simultaneously record
undulated traces of vascular pulse (radial,
venous and arterial), by way of a stylus on a
rotary drum of smoked paper.
 The Keeler
Polygraph
considered the
prototype of the
modern polygraph
 In 1939, Leonarde Keeler patented
what is considered the prototype of
the modern polygraph - the Keeler
Polygraph. Today Leonarde Keeler is
known as the father of the polygraph.
William Moulton
Marston
demonstrates his
systolic blood  Dr. William Moulton Marston, an American lawyer,
pressure test and psychologist, is credited with the invention of a
primitive form of lie detector when he developed in
1915, of the systolic blood pressure test, which would
become, subsequently, a component of the modern
polygraph. This technique of Dr. Marston used a
standard blood pressure cuff and a stethoscope to take
intermittent readings of the systolic blood pressure of a
subject during an examination in order to detect
deception.
The original  In 1921, John A. Larson, a Canadian psychologist employed by
lie detector the Police Service of California, Berkeley, built what many

by John A. consider to be the original lie detector device His instrument

provided continuous readings of blood pressure, rather than
Larson discontinuous readings of the sort found in Marston's device. He
named his instrument the polygraph, a word coming from Greek
and meaning several written because the instrument had the
ability to read multiple psychological responses at the same time
and document these responses on a rotating drum of smoked
paper. Using his polygraph, John A. Larson was the first person
to measure and record continuously and simultaneously the heart
rate, blood pressure and respiratory variations of a person during
an interrogation. His polygraph was used extensively and very
successfully, in criminal investigations.
 MODERN
POLYGRAPH
Computer age of the polygraph
The polygraph made its official entry into the computer age
around 1993 when statisticians of the Johns Hopkins
University Applied Physics Laboratory in Maryland
completed a software called PolyScore, which used a
sophisticated mathematical algorithm to analyze the
polygraph data in order to estimate a probability level of
lying or sincerity of a subject.

Department of Energy of the United States In 2003, the Department of Energy of

the United States commissioned a study on the scientific evidence of the
polygraph with the National Academy of Sciences. To do this, a review
committee scrutinized the available evidence in the research literature on the
polygraph. They did not, however, conduct new research in the laboratory or in
the field, because as reported by the Committee, it would be difficult - if not
impossible - to replicate a crime scene simulation, in a lab the same to evaluate
the effectiveness of the polygraph.
The National Academy of Sciences review
committee concluded that although there may
be alternative techniques to polygraph testing,
none can outperform the polygraph, and none
seem promising at supplanting the polygraph
soon.
 Polygraph exams

The polygraph exam has withstood over

century of research, development and
widespread use, the polygraph is still the
most effective way to verify the truth and at
detecting deception.
 A. Ancient Method

B. Observation Method

The ff. are the C. Regular Police Method

known
methods D. Hypnotism
ofdeception E. Word- Association Test
detection
F. Truth-Serum Test/
Intoxication
G. Polygraph Test Technique