Lesson 2:

Identifying Problems and

Making Observation
By TEACHER ANNA LIZA D. GOMEZ-JUNIO
OBJECTIVES

• I can identify the techniques of making a

problem statement
• Differentiate Qualitative observation from
Quantitative observation
• Value that process of science begins through
identifying problems and making observation.
ACTIVITY 1 – Let’s Observe

• Group yourself into 3.

• Identify at least two (2) problems/questions
that you can think of regarding the
environment.
Example: “Why does the sky appear blue
during sunny days?
 ACTIVITY 2 – State the problem!
Directions: Using the picture below, answer the
question below.

What problem
can you identify
in the picture
based on your
observations?
STEP 1 : Identifying the Problem

Begins with a question

based on observation

Wher
Why When Who Which What How
e
 ACTIVITY 3A – What’s the Problem?
Directions: Identify at least two (2) problems in any of the situations
below.

Situations Possible Problems

1. You have low scores in
exams.

2. You have a sore

throat.
STEP 2 : Making Observation

OBSERVATION
• any information that is gathered
using the senses (sight, smell,
touch, tasting, and hearing).
TYPES OF OBSERVATION

Qualitative Quantitative

Can be measured
Characteristics, colors, through the use of
Involves numbers
taste, smell instrument (e.g. rulers,
beaker, thermometer)
 QUALITATIVE OBSERVATION EXAMPLES

Length Size Color Smell Taste

• Long • Big • Green • Fragrant • Sweet
• Short • Small • Yellow • Pungent • bitter
QUANTITATIVE OBSERVATION EXAMPLES

Length Temperature Volume

• 35 cm • 36 degrees • 1.5 liters
• 40 ft • 100 degrees • 50 ounce
ACTIVITY 3B – QUALITATIVE VS.
QUANTITATIVE
Directions:
Read the following examples of
observations and then decide if it is
Qualitative or Quantitative. Write
QL for qualitative and QN for
quantitative observations
ACTIVITY 3B – QUALITATIVE VS.
QUANTITATIVE

The average

QN
temperature of the
Earth increased by
0.79 degrees Celcius
last April 2021.
ACTIVITY 3B – QUALITATIVE VS.
QUANTITATIVE

The
sandpaper is QL
rough.
ACTIVITY 3B – QUALITATIVE VS.
QUANTITATIVE

The red ball

had the
smallest mass.
QL
ACTIVITY 3B – QUALITATIVE VS.
QUANTITATIVE

It taste
sweet and QL
sour.
ACTIVITY 3B – QUALITATIVE VS.
QUANTITATIVE

The gumamela
leaf is 9 cm
long.
QN
ACTIVITY 3B – QUALITATIVE VS.
QUANTITATIVE
Directions:
Read the following examples of
observations and then decide if it is
Qualitative or Quantitative. Write
QL for qualitative and QN for
quantitative observations
ACTIVITY 3B – QUALITATIVE VS.
QUNATITATIVE

It is
yellowish in
color.
ACTIVITY 3B – QUALITATIVE VS.
QUNATITATIVE

Light travels
faster than
sound.
ACTIVITY 3B – QUALITATIVE VS.
QUNATITATIVE

The speed of light

is 299,792,458
meters per
second.
ACTIVITY 3B – QUALITATIVE VS.
QUNATITATIVE

The bag is
big. It can
fit my cat.
ACTIVITY 3B – QUALITATIVE VS.
QUNATITATIVE

The soda is
2.5 liters.
ACTIVITY 3B – QUALITATIVE VS.
QUNATITATIVE

It is
yellowish in QL
color.
ACTIVITY 3B – QUALITATIVE VS.
QUNATITATIVE

Light travels
faster than QL
sound.
ACTIVITY 3B – QUALITATIVE VS.
QUNATITATIVE

The speed of light

is 299,792,458
meters per QN
second.
ACTIVITY 3B – QUALITATIVE VS.
QUNATITATIVE

The bag is
big. It can QL
fit my cat.
ACTIVITY 3B – QUALITATIVE VS.
QUNATITATIVE

The soda is
2.5 liters. QN
Generalization

The first step in scientific method is identifying

problems.
The second step in scientific method is making
observation.
There are two types of observation – quantitative
observation and qualitative observation.
Generalization

Quantitative observation do not involve measurements of

numbers but instead characteristics.
Quantitative observations are measured values made using
instruments such as rulers, balances, graduated cylinders,
beakers, thermometers, etc
This process is making observations using your sense of
sight. Making observations and gathering information are
necessary steps in scientific investigation in order to avoid
making mistakes.
ASSIGNMENT

Using your dictionary find the meaning of the

word ‘hypothesis’.
Give at least 3 examples of hypothesis.
Write your assignment in your Science notebook.
Five (5) points for the meaning and 3 points for
the example.