EPIDEMIOLOGY

OF
DIABETES MELLITUS

FIONNA JANAT ANAK JIMBAT

PELATIH ADDC ILKKM JOHOR BAHRU
ADDC 2/2023(10)-0006
20 SEPTEMBER 2023
LEARNING OUTCOME

 ILLUSTRATE STATISTIC LOCALLY AND GLOBALLY

 COMPARE INCIDENCE AND PREVALENCE OF DIABETES
 ANALYZE THE COST INCURRED AND BURDEN TO THE COUNTRY
 ANALYZE MORTALITY OF DIABETES
OVERVIEW
• The term diabetes mellitus comes from the Greek word “diabetes”
(to siphon or pass through) and the Latin word “mellitus” (honey
or sweet)

• Diabetes is a chronic, metabolic disease characterized by

elevated levels of blood glucose (or blood sugar), which leads
over time to serious damage to the heart, blood vessels, eyes,
kidneys and nerve

• In the past 3 decades the prevalence of type 2 diabetes has risen

dramatically in countries of all income levels.
WORLDWIDE
 Tenth edition, 2021

IDF Diabetes Atlas 2021

10th edition atlas@idf.org | www.diabetesatlas.org

Highlights
In 2021, IDF estimates show that:

1 in 10 1 in 18 3 in 4
Adults (20-79 years) Adults (20-79 years) has People with diabetes live in
has diabetes impaired fasting glucose low and middle-income countries
537 million people 319 million people

1 in 2 1 in 6 11.5%
Adults is undiagnosed Live births (21 million) affected Of global health expenditure spent
240 million people by hyperglycaemia in pregnancy, on diabetes (USD 966 billion)
80% have mothers with GDM

1 in 9 1.2 million 6.7 million

Adults (20-79 years) has Children and adolescents below Deaths attributed to diabetes
impaired glucose tolerance 20 years have type 1 diabetes
541 million people
Number of people with diabetes
Aged 20–79 years globally and by IDF region
ESTIMATES AND PROJECTIONS
GLOBAL NUMBER OF ADULTS (20–79 YEARS) IN MILLIONS
Number of adults with diabetes
Aged 20–79 years, 2021
Prevalence of diabetes
By age and income group (%), 2021
Estimated age-adjusted comparative prevalence of diabetes
In adults aged 20–79 years in 2021
Number of people with diabetes
In adults aged 20–79 years living in urban and rural areas in 2021 and 2045
Top 10 countries with diabetes
In adults aged 20–79 years and diabetes-related health expenditure, 2021
Number and proportion of adults with undiagnosed diabetes
Aged 20–79 years, per region, 2021
Impaired glucose tolerance and impaired fasting glucose
Per IDF region, 2021
Hyperglycaemia in pregnancy
Per IDF region, 2021
Number of deaths by sex and age
Aged 20–79 years, 2021
Total diabetes-related expenditure and health expenditure
Per person and per income group, 2021
MALAYSIA
MALAYSIA

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MALAYSIA

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MALAYSIA

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MALAYSIA

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THE IMPACT OF NCDS ON
MALAYSIA’S ECONOMY
LOST PRODUCTIVITY DUE TO NCDS..

• Lost productivity due to premature

deaths

• Lost productivity due to absenteeism

• Lost productivity due to presenteeism

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LOST PRODUCTIVITY DUE TO
PREMATURE DEATHS FROM NCDS

One fourth (26.6%)

of the costs of lost
productivity due to
premature deaths
from
DIABETES
were attributable to
UNHEALTHY DIET

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LOST PRODUCTIVITY DUE TO
ABSENTEEISM

DIABETES was the

largest contributor to
the working days lost,
accounting for an
estimated working 7.9
million lost days, or
51.5% of the total,
amounting to a cost of
RM 1.35 billion.

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SUMMARY – LOST PRODUCTIVITY
DUE TO NCDS

CVD and diabetes

each account for
more than 40% of
productivity losses

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THE DIRECT HEALTH-CARE
COST OF NCDS
IN MALAYSIA

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HOSPITALIZATIONS

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OUTPATIENT AND PRIMARY CARE
ATTENDANCES
31.74% of all
attendances
were by
diabetes
patients, they
accounted for
73.77% of
costs

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MEDICATIONS

Expenditure on
diabetes drugs
amounted to
RM 522.85
million

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MEDICAL TESTS

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 HbA1c comprise
the largest
component of
expenditure (RM
137.02 million, or
20.72%)
followed by total
cholesterol (8.9%)
and triglycerides
(8.77%)

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 The estimated total
COST BY NCD CATEGORY health-care cost of
diabetes in 2017 was RM
4.38 billion (45.38%) of
the total costs

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 SUMMARY
NCDS WILL CONTINUE TO
DOMINATE HEALTH
SERVICES PROVISION AT
THE BURDEN OF DIABETES ALL LEVELS OF CARE
HAS INCREASED
SUBSTANTIALLY OVER THE
YEARS
IT IS EXPECTED THAT THE
COSTS OF TREATING PATIENTS
WITH NCDS AND THEIR
RELATED COMPLICATIONS
WILL CONTINUE THE PROBLEM OF NCDS
TO INCREASE IN MALAYSIA IS ALSO
THE HIGH PREVALENCE OF
COMPOUNDED BY
NCDS IS ASSOCIATED WITH A
THE FACT THAT THE
HUGE COST BURDEN TO THE
COUNTRY HAS A RAPIDLY
MALAYSIAN ECONOMY
AGEING POPULATION
 REFERENCES
o https://diabetesatlas.org/
o https://iku.moh.gov.my/images/IKU/Document/REPORT/NHMS2019/
Report_NHMS2019-NCD_v2.pdf​
o https://www.who.int/health-topics/diabetes#tab=tab_1
o https://www.who.int/malaysia/news/detail/09-08-2022-the-annual-health-care-c
ost-of-cardiovascular-diseases--diabetes-and-cancer-in-malaysia-exceeds-rm-
9.65-billion
o https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/themes/topics/sdg-target-3_4-noncommunic
able-diseases-and-mental-health
o https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/noncommunicable-diseases
o Prevalence of type-2 diabetes and prediabetes in Malaysia: A systematic
review and meta-analysis ( 2022 Jan 27, doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0263139 )

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“ACCESS TO DIABETES CARE”

THANK YOU