PRINCIPLES OF

DESIGN &
ELEMENTS OF ARTS

JOHN FREDERICK G. BATUCAL

TEACHER ARTS 10
Art can be see in all
aspect of life. It is
everywhere.

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 “The Starry Night”
by: Vincent Van Gogh ARTS 10
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PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN
Set of rules and techniques that
artists use to create works of art.

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PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN

The word design indicates both

the process of organizing visual
elements and the product of that
process. It is a result of our basic
need for meaningful order.

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PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN

Art and beauty can be expressed

in many ways like the natural
beauty of huge old trees or in the
created beauty of a painting of
those trees.

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 “Large Plane Trees”
by: Vincent Van Gogh ARTS 10
PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN
1. Unity and variety
2. Balance
3. Emphasis and subordination
4. Contrast
5. Repetition and rhythm
6. Scale and proportion
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 UNITY AND VARIETY
UNITY
-Refers to the appearance or
condition of oneness of an
artwork
VARIETY
-Refers to the use of differences
and change to increase the
visual interest ARTS 10
 UNITY AND VARIETY

“Going Home” “Migration Series No.60”

By: Jacob Lawrence By: Jacob Lawrence
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 BALANCE

-Refers to the way the elements

are arranged to create a feeling
of stability in a work.

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BALANCE

SYMMETRICAL
-the parts of an image are
organized so that one side
mirrors the other.

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SYMMETRICAL BALANCE

“The Last Supper”

By: Leonardo Davinci ARTS 10
BALANCE

ASYMMETRICAL
-Art elements are unevenly
distributed on either sides

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ASYMMETRICAL BALANCE

“The Evening Glow of the Ando”

By: Suzuki Haranobu ARTS 10
EMPHASIS AND SUBORDINATION
EMPHASIS
-The focal point of an image, or
when one area or thing stand
out the most
SUBORDINATION
-Neutral areas of lesser interest

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EMPHASIS AND SUBORDINATION

“YATCH APPROACHING THE COAST”

By: Joseph Mallord William Turner ARTS 10
CONTRAST
-A large difference between two
things to create interest and
tension.

e.g.
Dark set against light
Large against small
Bright colors against dull
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CONTRAST

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REPETITION AND RHYTHM
REPETITION
-gives a composition of unity,
continuity, flow, and emphasis

RHYTHM
-A regular repetition of elements to
produce the look and feel of
movement. ARTS 10
EMPHASIS AND SUBORDINATION

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SCALE AND PROPORTION
SCALE
-the relation between the size of
one whole object to the size of
another whole object.
PROPORTION
-the relation of size between
various component within one
whole object ARTS 10
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ELEMENTS OF ARTS
The building blocks or ingredients
of arts.

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ELEMENTS OF ARTS
1. Line
2. Shape
3. Space
4. Value
5. Color
6. Texture
7. Perspective
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LINE
• A mark with length and
direction.
• A continuous mark made on a
surface by a moving point.
• Use to define and enclose space.
• Could be thick or thin, straight,
wavy, curved, dashed, dotted, or
a combination of any of these.
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Preble, 1999 ARTS 10
SHAPE
• An enclosed area
defined and determined
by other art elements

• 2 dimensional
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SPACE
• The physical space within
objects and the area that
separates them.

Positive space – occupied by objects

Negative space – area between the
object

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SPACE

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VALUE
• Refers to the use of light
and dark within a piece of
art.
• It ranges from white to
various grays to black.

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VALUE
Chiaroscuro
- Refers to the use of graduations
of light and shade, in which the
forms are revealed by the subtle
shifting from light to dark areas.
- Developed in the Renaissance
Period to create illusion

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VALUE

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COLOR
• It is produced when artists use
various pigments and dyes to
create a range a range of
different hues which the
viewer’s eyes and brain
interpret as colors.

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PROPERTIES OF COLOR
Hue – particular wavelength of
spectral color to which we
give name

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PROPERTIES OF COLOR
Value – refers to the relative
lightness and darkness from
white through grays and
black

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PROPERTIES OF COLOR
Intensity – also called saturation,
refers to the purity of a hue
or color

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TEXTURE
• The surface quality or “feel” of
an object
• Its smoothness, roughness,
softness, etc.
• May be actual or implied

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TEXTURE

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PERSPECTIVE
• Point of view
• A system designed to depict
the way objects in space
appear to the eye.

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PERSPECTIVE

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ACTIVITY
Interpret your favorite song
through a drawing applying
the principles and
elements of art.

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