Civil Disturbance Management 1

Module 5 – POLICE OPERATION
Civil Disturbance Management
Public Safety Junior Leadership Course

Civil Disorder Concerns:
 Violent political demonstrations

 Violence associated with returning refugees
 Road blocks to prevent free access to disputed areas
 Mining or planting other explosives at campaign rallies,
public meetings, or public buildings

• Attempts to physically disrupt public meetings’

• Attacks on dwellings of other ethnic groups
• Carrying firearms in or around public meetings
• Disruptive meetings celebrations or gatherings

Plan of Action
• Coverage of public gatherings and political meetings.

• Coverage of movements of refugees, displaced
persons, or others that may present a threat to public
order
• Security of political personalities, government officials,
and members of the international community
• Civil Disorder Units to combat any violent and non-
violent civil disorder situations

Objectives of CDM

Developmental Activities

• To restore order in the society

• To reduce risks to the public
• To limit the damage resulting from a civil
disturbance
• To avoid destruction of lives and properties
• To secure a VIP

General Guidelines:
• The PNP CDM Contingent shall be:

• Under the command of a PCO with the rank of
Police Senior Inspector or higher
• Stationed at least 100 meters away from the
place where the public assembly is being held
• (Sec 9 of BP 880; Sec 1 of POP)

Specific Guidelines:
• Members of the PNP CDM Contingent must
strictly observe the following:
• Complete uniform
• Shall not carry any kind of firearms
• Teargas, smoke grenades, water cannons, or
any similar anti-riot device shall not be used
unless;

Specific Guidelines:
• The public assembly is attended by actual
violence or serious threat of violence
• Or deliberate destruction of property
• Must observe the policy of “maximum tolerance”
• (Sec 10 of BP 880; Sec 2 of POP)

DISPERSAL
Dispersal of public assembly without permit:
• When the public assembly is held without a

permit where a permit is required, the said
public assembly may be peacefully dispersed.
(Sec 12 of BP 880)

Dispersal of public assembly with permit
• No Public Assembly with permit shall be

dispersed. However, if an assembly becomes
violent, the Police may orderly dispersed such
public assembly.

1. First sign of impending violence

• Call the attention of the leaders
• Ask them to prevent any possible disturbance
2. Actual violence starts

• Rocks or other harmful objects from the
participants are thrown at the:
• Police

• Non-Participants
• Causing damage to property
3.Violence or disturbances prevailing not stop or

abate
• Issue a warning
• Allowed reasonable period of time to lapse and
order it to forthwith disperse
• (Sec 12 of BP 880)

List of Required Equipments
• Baton or riot stick

• Gas Mask
• Wicker shield
• Armor vest or body protector
• Riot control helmet with visor
• Gloves
• Mega phone
• Combat shoe

LEADERSHIP
is the art of guiding and directing, by persuasion

or influence, toward a course of action or
thought.
COMMANDING
Implies the formal exercise of absolute

authority, as by a sovereign, military leader, etc.

• Commanding is of much shorter duration than

leading
• Commanding is most often done under crisis
situation; it is that authority one holds by virtue
of position in an organization

Command Presence
• It is an outward appearance that the person has

the ability and qualifications to take command of
any situation
• It is the appearance of confidence ad
competence

Command Responsibility
• The principal duty of the leader is to

accomplish an assigned mission through
subordinates
• Because the leader must rely upon
subordinates to accomplish the mission, the
welfare of these people is extremely important
• Without attention to the morale and spirit de
corps of subordinates, the leader’s mission can
rarely be accomplished

GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF
CROWD CONTROL
• The principal duty of the leader is to accomplish

an assigned mission through subordinates
• Because the leader must rely upon
subordinates, the leader’s mission can rarely be
accomplished

GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF
CROWD CONTROL
• Have adequate force available to control the
crowd, plus reserve units immediately available
for use in the event of emergency
• Have all equipment, public address systems,
vehicles and other logistics that may be needed
available and in proper functioning condition

USE OF FORCE
• The amount of force utilized to resolved or

control civil disorder situation and must be
consistent with the actions of the crowd and the
threat these actions pose to the public and the
police

Distinguishing between “reasonable” and

“necessary” use of force
• The term “reasonable” refers to the level of

force used by the officer based upon the level of
resistance exerted by the subject

Distinguishing between “reasonable” and

“necessary” use of force
• The term “necessary” refers to whether the

force used by the officer was appropriate or
excessive, and of there were any available
alternatives, considering the totality of the
circumstances

Escalation and De-Escalation

• Situations often fluctuate between more
resistance and less, and possibly back again
• The officer must be prepared to escalate the

use of force to meet increased resistance and
de-escalate as soon as possible when
resistance is reduced

Use of Force Guidelines
• Article 3 of the U.N.Code of Conduct for Law

Enforcement Officials, states:
• “Law enforcement officials may use force only

when strictly necessary and to the extent
required for the performance of their duty”.

The Six (6) Stages of Civil Disorder Police Response
• Rising Tensions Preparation,

Intelligence
• Initial confrontation Officer Presence
• Initial violence Tactical

Deployment

The Six (6) Stages of Civil Disorder Police Response
• Spread of violence Control Force

Formulation
• Riot level violence Containment
• Aftermath Investigations
medical care, rebuilding

Decision Making
• One of the most important responsibilities of a

commander, and the ability to make timely,
effective decisions is one of the commanders
attribute

Basic Fundamental of Decision Making
• Perceptive problem or opportunity

• Set goals and objectives
• Generate alternatives
• Gather information
• Evaluate alternatives and their consequences
• Choose the best alternative

Suggestions for Making Difficult Tactical

Decisions
• Consider provisions
• Consider what has worked in the past
• Refer to your knowledge of the position you and
the duties and responsibilities of the position
• Gain as much knowledge of civil disorder
management and related topics
• Become familiar with the capabilities and
limitations of your unit personnel

• Obtain input from subordinate supervisors

• Trust in judgment of subordinate supervisors
• Do not make decisions based upon how they
will enhance your ability to be promoted
• Recognize anytime you make a decision, you
risk failure

• Consider the suspect’s (crowd’s) option

• Consider your options
• Deploy necessary resources to counter the
suspect’s (crowd’s) options
• Prioritize the suspect’s (crowd’s) options
• Delegate

TACTICAL CONCEPTS
• Tactics – The art of deploying personnel and

logistics to accomplish an objective
• Strategy – The science or art of commanders,
(managers) to meet an adversary or accomplish
an objective under advantageous conditions
• Technique – A technique is the means by which
one transforms his tactical decisions into action

Nine (9) Imperative Principles
• Maneuver
• Objective
• Offense
• Simplicity
• Economy of Force
• Mass
• Unit of Command
• Surprise Security

Tactical Use of the Dilemma

• A dilemma is often used to accomplished
tactical objectives
• One method of creating dilemma is by depriving
the suspect of space
• Another method of creating a tactical dilemma
is by depriving the suspect of time

The Body Cycle (OODA Loop)

• The importance of tempo in a conflict cannot be
emphasized strongly enough
• The ability to act, and in turn, cause the
adversary to react, is one of the most significant
aspects of any tactical operation

Activities Requiring Pre-Planning

• Scheduled or unscheduled demonstrations or
gatherings
• Athletic events
• Visits by dignitaries
• Disasters
• Events requiring more than normal resources

Content of Planning Format
• Situation
• Mission
• Post assignments and instructions
• Communications and logistics
• Arrest procedures
• Medical emergencies
• Personnel

Flexible Planning
• Flexibility enhances the ability to react more
quickly to unforeseen circumstances
• Plans may have to be changed to incorporate
new developments or after receiving more
accurate information

Flexible Planning
• Contingency response should be incorporated

within the operations plan i.e. answers to “what
if” questions
• Because not every contingency can be
anticipated, planners must remain flexible

COMMAND POST
• A command post is a field headquarters from

which the commander directs operations

ADVANTAGES OF COMMAND POST
• The command Post enables commanders to

cope with the tempo and complexity of crisis
situations
• A Command Post provides the commander with
the ability to direct personnel and allocate
logistical support

• The Command Post is one of the first steps in

establishing an organized approach to resolving
crisis situations

BASIC STAFFING
• ICS is flexible
• ICS can be established quickly
• Modular organization enables selected staffing
of needed positions, while unnecessary
positions are not staffed
• Basics ICS concepts

Overview of Major Incident Management
• Pre-emergency plan
• Analyze risk/hazard area
• Identify critical facilities (ex. Hospitals, power
plants, schools, airports)
• Develop an emergency organization
• Develop a mutual aid plan

Basic Concepts of ICS
• Common Technology
• Modular Organization
• Unified Command Structure
• Consolidated Action Plan
• Pre-designated Incident Facilities
• Manageable Span-of-Control
• Comprehensive Resource Management
• Integrated Communications

PROCEDURES
• In preparation for passing through an

intersection requiring control, the convoy
commander will instruct the drivers of the
second and third vehicles by radio to block the
intersection

PROCEDURES
• In preparation for making a right turn at an

intersection requiring control, the convoy
commander will instruct the driver of the second
vehicle by radio to block the appropriate lane

Rumors symptomatic of racial or ethnic riots

through three stages:
• Tales of alleged insults and discriminations

• Reports of imminent violence, arming by the
other race or faction and the need to protect
home and loved ones from invasion
• Crisis, rumors, the inflammatory acts of sexual
assaults, beating, murder, arson and other
crimes

Handling Rumors
• Don’t Repeat a Rumor

• Stop the Spread of the Rumor
• Counteract the Rumor

Release of Information to the Media
• It is legally privileged or would violate the

Constitutional Rights of the accused
• Dissemination would jeopardize a sensitive or
ongoing investigation or inquiry

Release of Information to the Media
• It is specifically prohibited in this or any other

Department directive
• Release would expose the identity of a juvenile
suspect of the victim(s) of a sexual assault or
violent sex crime

Procedures for Handling a Conflict Call

• Develop a plan of action prior to arrival
• Approach the scene
• Enter the location
• Position of individuals involved
• Calm the individuals
• Explore reasons for dispute
• Determine and conduct police action
• Depart from location

Five Common Types of Conflict Calls
• Assaults
• Threats
• Trespassing
• Landlord – tenant disputes
• Domestic

Situations Resulting in Mass Arrests
• Demonstrators sitting, standing or slowly,

walking through a strategic major intersection to
block ingress and egrees
• Demonstrators blocking access to a military
installation, government offices, schools or
facilities
• Rioters burning and looting buildings, and
attacking citizen

Mass Arrest Teams
• Arrests should be made by a small group of

officers detailed for this duty
• Mass arrest teams should consist of three to
five officers each, depending on availability

• CROWD – A large number of persons

temporarily congregated

Types of Crowd:
• Casual Crowd
• Inquisitive Crowd
• Expressive Crowd
• Hostile Crowd
• Mob

CDM FORMATIONS
• Column Formation
• Single Formation Double Line Formation
• Umbrella Formation
• Wedge Formation
• Double Wedge Formation
• Arrow Formation
• Box Formation








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Module 5 – POLICE OPERATION

Civil Disturbance Management

Public Safety Junior Leadership Course

Civil Disorder Concerns:

 Violent political demonstrations

Public Safety Junior Leadership Course

• Attempts to physically disrupt public meetings’

Public Safety Junior Leadership Course

• Coverage of public gatherings and political meetings.

Public Safety Junior Leadership Course

Public Safety Junior Leadership Course

Public Safety Junior Leadership Course

• To restore order in the society

Public Safety Junior Leadership Course

• The PNP CDM Contingent shall be:

Public Safety Junior Leadership Course

Public Safety Junior Leadership Course

Public Safety Junior Leadership Course

Dispersal of public assembly without permit:

• When the public assembly is held without a

Public Safety Junior Leadership Course

Dispersal of public assembly with permit

• No Public Assembly with permit shall be

Public Safety Junior Leadership Course

1. First sign of impending violence

2. Actual violence starts

Public Safety Junior Leadership Course

3.Violence or disturbances prevailing not stop or

Public Safety Junior Leadership Course

List of Required Equipments

• Baton or riot stick

Public Safety Junior Leadership Course

is the art of guiding and directing, by persuasion

Implies the formal exercise of absolute

Public Safety Junior Leadership Course

• Commanding is of much shorter duration than

Public Safety Junior Leadership Course

• It is an outward appearance that the person has

Public Safety Junior Leadership Course

• The principal duty of the leader is to

Public Safety Junior Leadership Course

• The principal duty of the leader is to accomplish

Public Safety Junior Leadership Course

Public Safety Junior Leadership Course

• The amount of force utilized to resolved or

Public Safety Junior Leadership Course

Distinguishing between “reasonable” and

• The term “reasonable” refers to the level of

Public Safety Junior Leadership Course

Distinguishing between “reasonable” and

• The term “necessary” refers to whether the

Public Safety Junior Leadership Course

Escalation and De-Escalation

• The officer must be prepared to escalate the

Public Safety Junior Leadership Course

Use of Force Guidelines

• Article 3 of the U.N.Code of Conduct for Law

• “Law enforcement officials may use force only

Public Safety Junior Leadership Course

The Six (6) Stages of Civil Disorder Police Response

• Rising Tensions Preparation,

• Initial confrontation Officer Presence

• Initial violence Tactical