•MODULE 3, 1sTQuarter

•PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2 KINDS OF

•Janet Brigida A. Catipon, MAED
VARIABLES
•Macabebe High School AND THEIR
USES
VARIABLE
THE NATURE OF VARIABLES
AND DATA
THE NATURE OF VARIABLES AND DATA
TYPES OF VARIABLES

• Independent variables are those

that cause changes in the subject
• Dependent variables are those that
bear or manifest the effects caused
by the independent variables.
Quantitative Research Kinds of Variables

1. Independent Variables (IV)- is

exactly what it sounds like. It is a
variable that stands alone and isn't
changed by the other variables you
are trying to measure and by
definition it is the one which is
manipulated by the researcher.
Quantitative Research Kinds of Variables

2. Dependent Variables (DV) - is the one

which changes the result of the
independent variable being changed. It
is something that depends on other
factors. It the variable being tested and
monitored and are those that are
influenced by the independent variables.
Quantitative Research Kinds of Variables

3. Descriptive variables which refer to

those variables in research which will be
reported on, without relating them to
anything in particular.
Quantitative Research Kinds of Variables
4. Categorical variables that can take on
one of a limited, and usually fixed,
number of possible values, assigning
each individual or other unit of
observation to a particular group or
nominal category on the basis of some
qualitative property which result from a
selection from categories, such as
„agree‟ and „disagree‟
Quantitative Research Kinds of Variables

5. Discrete variables are numeric

variables that come from a limited set of
numbers. They may result from
answering questions such as „how
many‟, „how often‟ and how far or that
can only take on a certain number of
values.
Quantitative Research Kinds of Variables
6. Discrete variables. These are variables
that are countable where the range of
specified values is complete.
a. Classroom attendance
b. Grade level of students
c. Number of buyers in a supermarket d.
Baby‟s age in months
Quantitative Research Kinds of Variables
7. Continuous variables are numeric
variables that can take any value, a
variable that can be used for an infinite
number of possible values.
a. Person's weight/age/height
b. Travel time from Pampanga to
Zambales
c. Price of basic commodities
d. Family income
Quantitative Research Kinds of Variables

8. Confounding Variables in research is

any variable that can potentially play a
role in the outcome of a study but which
is not part of the study.