Total Harmonics Distortion Reduction by Using Shunt

Active with ant colony optimization

Presented by Guided by
Roshan Kumar Nirmalkar Mrs. M. Silas
Deptt. of Elect. & Electro. Engg. Deptt. of Elect. & Electro. Engg.
Chhatrapati Shivaji Institute Of Chhatrapati Shivaji Institute Of
Technology, Durg Technology, Durg
 Contents
INTRODUCTION
LITERATURE REVIEW
PROBLEM
METHOLOGY
CONCLUSION

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 INTRODUCTION
Utility system generates pure sinusoidal waveform at their Terminals. This
sinusoidal waveform is the pure form of the AC Voltage and any deviation
from it is called as distortion, which degrades the quality of electric power.
Many loads absorb non-sinusoidal current from the utility mains called as
NLLs, which leads to harmonic distortion. These distortion in mains supply
system is Due to large harmonic currents drawn by residential, commercial and
Industrial NLLs such as adjustable speed drives, arc furnaces, air conditioners,
battery chargers, copier machines, computers, fluorescent lightings, frequency
converters, medical equipment’s, switch-mode power supplies, printers,
uninterrupted power supplies, welding machines and x-ray equipment. NLLs
act as a source of harmonic current and inject harmonic currents into the grid
system. These currents can interact adversely with a wide range of power
system equipment’s causing additional losses, overheating, overloading,
interference with telecommunication network s and also results in erroneous
readings in watthour and demand meters (Dugan ,Mc Granaghan, Santoso, &
Beaty, 2002; Kennedy. , 2000; Cividino ,1992; Mahmoud & Owen, 1983.

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 The IEEE 519-1992 (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) standard
furnishes guidelines for harmonic voltage and current distortion limits at the
Point of Common Coupling ( PCC).Traditionally, passive LC filters are used to
suppress the harmonic distortion in power systems. Parallel passive filters are
used to reduce harmonics in current source type harmonic generating loads.
The principle of the parallel passive filter is to provide a low impedance shunt
path to the harmonic current, thus reducing harmonic current flowing into the
source. Series passive filters on the other hand are used to compensate for
voltage source harmonic generating loads. In general, passive filters have the
demerits of fixed compensation, larger size and resonance. To overcome these
limitations, APF is used as an alternative. APF is a power electronic converter
that produces and injects into the system the necessary harmonic components
to cancel the harmonic present in the load current. It can be connected at PCC
of an AC system to compensate one or more loads . The voltage source Pulse
Width Modulated (PWM) inverter based SAPF is preferred by the utilities due
to its larger efficiency compared to current source PWM inverter

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HARMONICS –
A harmonic is a signal or wave whose frequency is an integral (whole-number) multiple of the
frequency of some reference signal or wave. The term can also refer to the ratio of the
frequency of such a signal or wave to the frequency of the reference signal or wave

Let f represent the main, or fundamental, frequency of an alternating current (ac )

signal, electromagnetic Field , or sound wave. This frequency, usually expressed in Hz , is the
frequency at which most of the energy is contained, or at which the signal is defined to occur.
If the signal is displayed on an oscilloscope, the waveform will appear to repeat at a rate
corresponding to f Hz.

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 SHUNT ACTIVE FILTER
Active power filters (APF) are filters, which can perform the job of harmonic
elimination. Active power filters can be used to filter out harmonics in the power
system which are significantly below the switching frequency of the filter. The
active power filters are used to filter out both higher and lower order harmonics in
the power system.

The shunt active power filter has proved to be a useful device to eliminate
harmonic currents and to compensate reactive power for linear/nonlinear loads.
Shunt active power filter compensate at the load by injection equal but opposite
harmonics components generated by the load but phase shifted by 180 0 degree.

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The above fig. shows that a nonlinear load is connected with the AC Mains and an active
power filter is connected in shunt with it. It controlled to draw or supply a compensated
current from or to the utility, So that it removes the reactive and harmonic current
created due to the nonlinear load .thus the resulting total current drawn from the AC
mains is sinusoidal preferably, the APF needs to generate just enough reactive and
harmonic current to compensate the nonlinear loads in the line.

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 Proposed model

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 ANT COLONY OPTIMIZATION-
Ant colony optimization algorithm (ACO) is a probabilistic technique for solving
computational problems which can be reduced to finding good paths
through graphs. Artificial Ants stand for multi-agent methods inspired by the behavior of
real ants. The pheromone-based communication of biological ants is often the predominant
paradigm used.Combinations of Artificial Ants and local search algorithms have become a
method of choice for numerous optimization tasks involving some sort of graph, e.g., vehicle
routing and internet routing. The burgeoning activity in this field has led to conferences
dedicated solely to Artificial Ants, and to numerous commercial applications by specialized
companies such as AntOptima.

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 The feature of ant colony algorithm is that it employs positive
feedback, distributed computation, and constructive greedy heuristic.
Positive feedback accounts for fast discovery of good solutions,
distributed computation avoids premature convergence and greedy
heuristic helps to find acceptable solutions in the early stages of the
search process (2004 ). ACO is an evolutionary meta-heuristic
algorithm based on a graph representation. The main idea of ACO is
to model the problem as the search for a minimum cost path in a
graph. In ACO technique, artificial ants mimic the foraging
behaviour of their biological counterparts in finding the shortest path
to the food source. Ant deposits pheromone while crawling, the ant
following shortest path collects more amount of pheromone per time
unit and, in turn, more number of ant selects the shortest path due to
positive feedback. All ants move nearly at the same speed and
deposit a pheromone trail at around the same rate. This makes the
increase of pheromone trail rapidly on the shortest side.

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 ANT COLONY ALGORITHMS

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 LITERATURE REVIEW
REFERENCE NO. AUTHOR PUBLICATION DETAIL CONTRIBUTION SOLUTION

HARMONICS AND
A REVIEW OF ACTIVE FILTER FOR IEEE TRANSACTION ON
1 REACTIVE POWER ACTIVE FILTER
POWER QUALITY IMPROVEMENT INDUSTRIAL
COMPENSATION

ELIMINATION OF HARMONICS BY
SHUNT ACTIVE FILTER
USING SHUNT ACTIVE FILTER AND HARMONICS
2 IJAERS 2017 AND PI CONTROLLER
BACTERIAL FORAGING COMPENSATION
WITH OPTIMIZATION
OPTIMIZATION

HARMONICS REDUCTION AND FUZZY

3 POWER QUALITY IMPROVEMENT IJEDR 2016 HARMONICS REDUCTION LOGIC,MULTILEVEL
BY USING MULTILEVEL DPFC INVERTER ,DPFC

ANN CONTROLLED VSC STATCOM HARMONICS AND

STATCOM,PI
4 WITH HARMONIC REDUCTION FOR IJPEDS 2012 REACTIVE POWER
CONTROLLER AND ANN
VAR COMPENSATION COMPENSATION

COMPARISON OF ARTIFICIAL
HARMONICS AND
INTELLIGENCE TECHNIQUES FOR SHUNT ACTIVE FILTER,
5 ICPEC 2013 REACTIVE POWER
THE ENHANCEMENT OF POWER FUZZY LOGIC, ANN,
COMPENSATION
QUALITY

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 HARMONICS REDUCTION IN CSC IEEE TRANSACTION ON FUZZY LOGIC ,CSC,
6 HARMONICS REDUCTION
USING FUZZY LOGIC POWER ELECTRONICS PWM

POWER QUALITY IMPROVEMENT

7 TCR,
USING FACTS DEVICES

VOLTAGE SAG, FLICKER

DEVELOPMENT OF THE UNIFIED
REDUCTION .
8 SERIES -SHUNT COMPENSATORE AJAS 2009 USSC
HARMONICS
FOR POWER QUALITY MITIGATION
ELIMINATION

REDUCTION OF HARMONICS USING

FFT, MULTILEVEL
SINGLE PHASE SHUNT ACTIVE REDUCTION
9 INVERTER,ACTIVE
FILTER BASED ON FFT METHOD HARMONICS,
FILTER
FOR MULTILEVEL INVERTER

ONLINE REDUCTION OF FIFTH AND

SEVENTH HARMONICS IN SINGLE
10 IEEE-2015 HARMONICS REDUCTION VSI, PWM
PHASE QUASI SQUARE WAVE
INVERTER

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REFERENCE NO. AUTHOR PUBLICATION DETAIL CONTRIBUTION SOLUTION

ANN CONTROLLER FOR HARMONIC

11 HARMONICS REDUCTION ANN, PID, LCL
REDUCTION IN GRID CONNECTED SYSTEM

RESEARCH OF HARMONIC DISTORTION

12 POWER FOR HARMONIC SOURCE IEEE HARMONIC REDUCTION TCR AND MATLAB
DETECTION

SERIES POWER QUALITY COMPENSATOR

VOLTAGE SAG, SWELL AND SERIES ACTIVE FILTER, DSP,
13 FOR VOLTAGE SAG, SWELL AND HARMONIC IEEE
HARMONICS IGBT
UNBLANCE

DESIGN AND SIMULATION OF INNOVATIVE IEEE-POWER ELECTRONICS,

SHUNT AND SERIES ACTIVE
14 HYBRID FILTER FOR HARMONIC INTELIGENT CONTROL AND HARMONICS COMPENSATION
FILTER, PASSIVE FILTER
COMPENSATION ENERGY SYSTEM-2016

EXPRIMENTAL MITIGATION TECHNIQUES

TO REDUCED THE TOTAL HARMONIC HYBRID FILTER, PASSIVE
15 ISATE-2017 HARMONICS DISTORTION
DISTORTION OF LOW VOLTAGE NON FILTER, VFD
LINEAR POWER SOURCE

FIVE LEVEL SERIES ACTIVE POWER FILTER

PERFORMANCE BASED ON MODIFIED FUZZY LOGIC CONTROLL,
HARMONIC VOLTAGE
16 INSTANTANEOUS REACTIVE POWER ICEE-2017 INVERTER, SERIES ACTIVE
DISTURBANCE COMPENSATION
THEORY FOR HARMONIC VOLTAGE POWER FILTER
DISTURBANCE COMPONSATION

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 Problem Identification

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The term power quality is the most essential in the power system. Power quality
means reliability which sufficient and fixed power supply. This is normally used to
shows the condition of voltage with the existence and the advancing use of the power
electronics devices for transmission and utilization, the quality of power gets
distributed, mainly due to use of such devices harmonics created in the supply which
disturbs its quality at the output.
The other power quality problem are:-
 Voltage dip
 Voltage swell
 Transients
 Voltage fluctuations
 Flickers
 Harmonics etc.

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the calculation of this deviation of nonlinear waveform Total
Harmonics Distortion (THD) term is used and calculated.
Total Harmonics Distortion is the ratio between the RMS
values of the fundamental.


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 METHODLOGY
Operation principle of a Shunt Active Filter.
Non-linear loads like Variable Speed Drives, Uninterrupted Power Supplies and all kind of rectifiers
draw a non- sinusoidal current from the network. Therefore they can be considered to be harmonic
current sources. Shunt Active Filter works as a current source which, when properly designed and
controlled, produces harmonic currents having opposite phase than those harmonic currents produced by
the non-linear load. When such a Shunt Active Filter is connected parallel with a non-linear load its
harmonic currents are compensated and the network is loaded with almost fundamental current only.
 Application of shunt active filters
 It should be noted that active filters can be designed to compensate both harmonic currents and
fundamental reactive power.
 Additionally to the system voltage UL the following parameters of the current to be compensated have
to be determined to be able to design the capacity of the shunt active filter:
 1. The root-mean-square of the current to be compensated IRMS
 2. The amplitude IS
 3. The rate of rise of the current
 4. The harmonic coefficient ki
 5. For the 4-wire shunt active filter:The geometric sum of all harmonicsdivisible by 3.


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 ACO tuning approach for SAPF PI controller

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 ACO graph for SAPF PI controller tuning.

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 Flow Graph

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 ACO algorithm for PI tuning
Step 1: Parameter Initialization
Set the range for K p and K i
Set tour ¼ 0, m ¼ 20
Maximum Tour ¼ 10 0
a ¼ 0.0 6, ¼ 0.95
For every combination (i, j).

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 Step 2: Local Update Rules
For k ¼ 1to m /*n m : number of ants n/*
Choose a K p and Ki with transition probability given in Eq.
Calculate cost (k )/ *ncost: Objective Function n /*
/* n cost(k): Objective Function for each ant using Simulink
Model file n/*
End
For 8 ( i, j)
For k ¼ 1to m
Update the pheromone using Eq.
End
End

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Step 3: Global update rules
Update pheromone for best and worst tours of an ant using Eqs.
Globally update pheromone using equation
Tour ¼ Tour + 1
If (Tour o Maximum Tour)
Go to Step 2
Else
Print the best node values for minimum cost function
End

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 CONCLUSION
The ACO technique is employed to select the Kp and Ki
gains of the PI controller for the SAPF. It is evident from
the simulation experiments, DC bus voltage response of
ACO P I controller used in SAPF offers improved results
under different load conditions and parameter variation.

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 Future scope :-
There are other optimization techniques which can be applied for
the elimination of harmonics in the system they are Artificial
Neural Network, partial swarm Optimization ,bee colony
optimization, monkey colony optimization etc , they can be used in
the combination to obtain better result having lower THD value.

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References:
1.Development of the Unified Series-Shunt Compensator for Power Quality Mitigation-“M.A. Hannan,
A. Mohamed, A. Hussain and Majid al Dabbay-2009.
2.Optimization Of Shunt Active Power filter System Fuzzy Logic Controller Based On Ant Colony
Algorithm-“ Brahim Berbaoui , Dehini Rachid”-April 2010.
3.A Review Of Active Filter For Power Quality Improvement-“Ekhlas Mhasi,Hamdan Daniyal:-June
2015.
4.Elimination Of Harmonics By Using Shunt Active Filter And Bacterial Foraging Optimization-June
2017
5.Experimental investigations on Ant Colony Optimized PI control algorithm for Shunt Active Power
Filter to improve Power Quality” Aruchamy Sakthivel n, P. Vijayakumar , A . Senthilkumar ,L.Lak
shminarasimman ,S. Paramasivam “-2015.
6.Real-time implementation of PI and fuzzy logic controllers based shunt active fi lter control strategies
for power quality improvement. “Mikkili, Suresh, & Panda, A . K. (2012).
7. Ant colony optimization” Dorigo, Marco, Birattari, Mauro, & Stutzle, Thomas”- (2006).
8.Design simulation and experimental investigations on a shunt active power filter for harmonics and
reactive power compensation. “Jain, S., Agarwal, P., & Gupta, H. O”. (2003).
9.Fuzzy logic controlled shunt active power filter for power quality improvement. “jain, S. K., Agarwal,
P., & Gupta, H. O”. (2002).
10.Optimization of PID controllers using ant colony and genetic algorithms. “Ünal, Muhammet, Ak,
Ayça, Topuz, Vedat, & Erdal, Hasan” (2013).
11.Harmonics mitigation using active power filter. “Salam, Zainal, Perng Cheng, T.a.n., & Jusoh,
Awang” (2006) .
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 THANK
YOU

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