PRODUCTION OF EGG

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF EGG

% OF WATER PROTEIN FAT ASH

TOTAL
WHOLE EGG 100 65.5 11.8 11.0 11.7
WHITE 58 88.0 11.0 0.2 0.8
YOLK 31 48.0 17.5 32.5 2.0
% OF Calcium Magnesium Calcium Organic
TOTAL Carbonate Carbonate Phosphate Matter
(%) (%) (%) (%)

SHELL & 11.0 94.0 1.0 1.0 4.0

SHELL
MEMBRANE
 LAYER
 These are usually small chickens
with elongated bodies
 They have tail feathers that stand
higher than their head
 Produce large numbers of eggs very
efficiently
 Bred to mature at lightweights
 Slow growing and inefficient meat
producers
 SIGNS OF SEXUAL
MATURITY

• Increase in size of comb and wattles

• Reddening of the comb and wattles
• Becoming friendly and cackling
• Instinctively looking for nest
• Becoming docile and gregarious
• Pubic and abdominal spread become enlarged
Characteristics of
a good layer

HEAD& NECK – comb, wattles, eyes, beak

PELVIC BONES
CLAWS
VENT/CLOACA
HEAD & NECK

Bright Red, non – flaccid comb and wattles

Free of scabs
Hold the head high – good muscle tone
Free from swellings
EYES

Alert /active eyes

Clear, bright and round and opened wide
Not cloudy or free from any discharges
NOSTRILS &
BEAK

Clear and free of discharges

The beak should look bleached
Beak should be smooth & free of crust and scratches
FEATHERS AND VENT
Width between pelvic bones should measure
at least 2 fingers

Feathers must be
well preened and  The cloaca should be moist
free from any  The feathers in the tail and vent
external parasites region must be and free from
fecal material as white build-up
or pasty vents may be indicative
EET AND LEGS
Scales should be smooth and closely adhered to each other.
Upturned scales maybe sign of mite infestations
The bottom of the feet must free from scratches, swelling,
scabs or ulcerations ( bumblefoot)
Feet must be BLEACHED
ADVANTAGES OF CHICKEN LAYER

Cheap source of protein and energy

Large scope of market
High demand
More stable price
Availability of stock
Adaptability to weather
Local disease prevalence
Challenges to Chicken Layer
Solid market place
Increasing prices of raw materials
Future effect of Free Trade
SEGMENTS OF LAYER PRODUCTION
 COMMON STRAINS OF CHICKEN LAYER
IN THE PHILIPPINES

Lohmann Babcock Hyline Dekalb

 TYPE OF OPERATIONS

READY TO LAY
CHICKEN LAYER GROWTH
STAGES
 SAMPLE VACCINATION
AGE IN VACCINE ROUTE
DAYS
SUB CUTANEOUS
1 MAREKS
COARSE SPRAY/WATER
18 ND + IBD
COARSE SPRAY/WATER
28 IBD
COARSE SPRAY/WATER
35 ND + IB
COARSE SPRAY/WATER
56-70 ND
WING WEB
FOWL POX
EYE DROP
ILT
INTRA-MUSCULAR
91-98 ND + IB
 SAMPLE VACCINATION (INTENSIVE)
AGE IN DAYS VACCINE ROUTE
1 MAREKS SUB CUTANEOUS
7 ND + IB COARSE SPRAY/WATER
12 IBD COARSE SPRAY/WATER
19 ND + IB COARSE SPRAY/WATER
35 IBD COARSE SPRAY/WATER
42 FOWL POX WING WEB
63 ND+IB COARSE SPRAY/WATER
112 ND + IB COARSE SPRAY/WATER
FEEDS AND
FEEDING
FEEDING GOAL
•Attain greatest number of egg in desired weight range at
most efficient cost per dozen

FEEDING
•Birds should be fed correctly during both growing and
laying phases.
•Satisfy target weekly weights.
•Flock uniformity goal is 80%
 FEEDING
GUIDE

AGE FEED TYPE TARGET

WEIGHT
1 TO 6 WEEKS STARTER MASH 395 GRAMS
7 TO 10 WEEKS GROWER MASH 735 GRAMS
11 TO 16 LAYER GROWER 1,190 GRAMS
FEEDING PROGRAM

• Ad libitum feeding
• Ensure feeder accessibility
• Removal of wet and rancid feeds
• Increase in feed mass during cold season
• Late night feeding during hot season
• Always monitor bird’s weight and fleshing
Production Goal: 4 lbs feed / dozen eggs
Hens produce 7 eggs / 10 days
 GUIDELINES IN FEEDING

• Option to adapt feeding guide of stock supplier

• Adjustment on feed amount must be based on:
• Production of birds
• Egg size and quality
• Day length
• Environmental condition
 WATER
MANAGEMENT

• Provision for clean and fresh water

source at all times
• Always check feed and water intake
(health indicator).
• Water is most important nutrient
that frequently neglected
• Birds will be more affected in
absence of water than in absence of
feeds.
 FEEDING & LIGHTING PROGRAM

AGE DAY LENGTH FEED AMOUNT WEIGHT

g/bird/day (g)
1-3 DAYS 23 HOURS (in grams)
4-7 DAYS 22
2 WEEKS 18
3 WEEKS 16
4 WEEKS 16 250
5 WEEKS 14 320
6 WEEKS 12 395
7 WEEKS – 15 10 475-1250
WEEKS
 FEEDING & LIGHTING
PROGRAM
AGE DAY LENGTH FEED AMOUNT BODY WEIGTH
( WEEKS ) (HOURS) ( g/bird/day) (g)
16 10 66 1135
17 11 73 1205
18 12 80 1270
19 13 87 1320
20 14 92 1380
21 14 – 16 97 1440
26 14 – 16 108 1530
BASIC PRINCIPLES IN
LIGHTING

• Never increase day length during

rearing period
• Never decrease day length during
production period
• Artificial and natural light can have an
influence in open or brown out houses
 FACTORS TO CONSIDER IN LIGHTING PROGRAM

• Weight and Age of Chicken

• Natural Day Length
• Intensity of Light
• Component and Amount of feeds.
• Rate of Lay
• Maximum day length at 16 hours
• Light transition of 30 min /week
EGG COLLECTION

• Collection of eggs four times

a day to prevent egg breakage
GRADING EGGS
Eggs are graded according to
size and checked for cracks
and interior spots by candling.

PEWEE SMALL MEDIUM LARGE XL JUMBO

(g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g)
Below 42 43 - 49 50 - 57 58 - 64 65 - 71 72 above
 CULLING
 The removal of unproductive / undesirable birds/layers on the flock
 Should be done throughout the laying period

• To lower production cost on feeds

• Minimize disease transmission

• Not laying
• Injured / sick
 CHICKEN LAYER ECONOMICS

COSTING (100 BIRDS AT 60 WEEKS PRODUCTION)

BLDG and RTL COST: P 45,900
COST ASSUMPTION:
•Ready to Lay Pullets – P 380.00 FEED COST:
•Building Cost per Birds – P 75.00 80 weeks x 7 days x 105 grams x 100
•Equipment cost per bird – P 4.00 birds = 5,880 Kg or 117.6 bags
•Cost of feed intake per bird at 105 grams a day – P 2.96 117.6 bags x P 1,410 = 165,816
•Misc. cost – P 0.30 / bird
Miscellaneous cost: P 16,800
TOTAL COST: P 228,516.00
Layer Feed Cost per Bag – P 1,410.00
 PRODUCTION

ASSUMPTIONS:
•60 weeks of production
•Rate of lay – 85%
•Price of egg – P 6.00 avg
•Equipment cost per bird – P 4.00

GROSS INCOME:
80 weeks x 7 days x 85 eggs x P 6.00/egg = P 285,600
285,600 – 228,516 = 57,084
 IN
SUMMARY
GOOD MANAGEMENT PRACTICES
 GOOD BROODING
 HOUSING AND NUTRITION
 MAINTAIN GOOD PERSONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE
 START SMALL TO MINIMIZE LOSSES DURING THE LEARNING CURVE
 SOUND FLOCK HEALTH MANAGEMENT PROGRAM

“ HEAT DOES NOT KILL CHICKENS, HUMIDITY DOES. CHICKENS FUNCTION

FINE IN HIGHER TEMPERATURES, HOWEVER HUMIDITY HAS BEEN KNOW
TO LOWER A CHICKEN’S PERFORMANCE AND RENDER THEM DEAD”
JONES POULTRY