Intermolecular

Forces
ROWENA M. FLORES
Teacher II
Intermolecular forces are forces
that exist between molecules, atoms,
or ions.
Intermolecular forces of attraction
are weaker than intramolecular in
terms of energy involved however;
intermolecular forces are responsible
for the properties of molecules
The following are the types of intermolecular forces

 ion-dipole interaction is the force of interaction that

exists between charged particles called ions and a
polar molecule. When NaCl dissolves in water, NaCl
dissociates to form Na+ ion and Cl- ion.
 Since water is a polar molecule, it has a partial
positive end and partial negative end.
 Thus, the Na+ ion from the NaCl molecule will attract
the partially negative end of the water molecule,
while the Cl- ion of NaCl will also attract to the
partially positive end of the water molecule
Ion-dipole
 Dipole- dipole interaction is the
force of attraction that exists in polar
molecule like HCI.
 The unequal sharing of electrons
between Hydrogen and Chlorine
atoms in HCl creating a partially
positive pole in H and partially
negative pole in Cl and is referred as
DIPOLE
H δ+__
Cl δ-------
H δ+__
Cl δ-

Dipole-dipole
Hydrogen Bond
 The bond that exists between water
molecules is Hydrogen bond (Fig.3). It is a
special kind of dipole-dipole interaction
between Hydrogen which is a polar
molecule and a highly electronegative
elements Fluorine, Oxygen and Nitrogen.
In Hydrogen bond, the highly
electronegative element F, O, N causes
the hydrogen to become strongly positive.
Hydrogen bond in water

Hδ+
Hδ+ Oδ-
Oδ-
Hδ+ Hδ+

H-bond
 The ability of water to form H-bond
relates to its ability as a universal
solvent. H-bond prevents the water
from evaporating quickly into the
atmosphere. It also causes ice to float
in water since at freezing temperature,
water molecules tend to form a crystal
lattice as it expands.
London Dispersion Forces
 - is present in all molecules. It is the
weakest intermolecular force which
is formed due to temporary dipoles of
a non-polar molecule. The strength
of the dispersion forces increases as
the molecular weight of the
substance increases.
Activity 3. Let me FLOAT!!!

 Materials:
 Glass
 Water
 Powdered pepper (paminta)
 Liquid detergent
 dropper
Procedure:

1.Fill the glass with about three-fourth full of water.

2.Sprinkle a pinch of powdered pepper (paminta)
on the surface of the water. Observe.
 Did the pepper floats in water?
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3.Put a drop of liquid detergent on the surface of
the water. Observe.
 What happen to the pepper as you put a drop of
liquid detergent to the water?
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  Chemical bond holds atom together in a molecule, this type
of interaction is called Intramolecular It is the interaction that
exist within the molecule. Intermolecular forces on the other
hand, are the force of interaction that exists between molecules.
Though this type of interaction is weaker than intramolecular
force it greatly affects the properties of substance.
 In the activity, when you sprinkle powdered pepper (paminta)
on the top of the water, it floats on the surface. When a drop of
liquid detergent touches the surface of the water, it breaks the
surface tension of the water thereby allowing the pepper to sink
in the water.