T R O DU C T IO N T O H IS T OR Y

MAIN TOPI C I: I N

LESSON 1:
TR O D U C TIO N H IS T O R I C AL
HISTO R Y: I N
A N D C RI TIC I S M S
SOURCES
1. To understand the meaning of history as an academic
discipline and to be familiar with the underlying
philosophy and methodology of the discipline.
2. To develop critical and analytical skills with exposure
to primary sources.
3. To examine and assess critically the value of
historical evidences and sources.
4. To evaluate primary sources for their credibility,
authenticity and provenance.
LESSON 1: HISTORY: INTRODUCTION AND HISTORICAL SOURCES

What is
History?
LESSON 1: HISTORY: INTRODUCTION AND HISTORICAL SOURCES

 Refers to the study and interpretation

by a historian on the data and other
source of the past human activity,
people, societies and civilizations.

1)Based on past events

2)Interpreted by someone
3)Rely on data and documents
LESSON 1: HISTORY: INTRODUCTION AND HISTORICAL SOURCES
Etymologically, the word history came
from the Greek word Historia which
means inquiry.

It denotes asking question or investigation of

the past done by person trained to do so or by
person who are interested in human past.
 LESSON 1: HISTORY: INTRODUCTION AND HISTORICAL SOURCES
Historian is an expert or
student of history, especially that of a
particular period, geographical region
or social phenomenon.

DUTIES OF HISTORIAN
 Seek, organize and interpret historical evidence and facts.
 Able to recognize the evidence, decide how useful it is and
come up to conclusion.
 Responsible for reconstructing the past.
LESSON 1: HISTORY: INTRODUCTION AND HISTORICAL SOURCES
SUBJECTIVE
Filled with bias, self righteousness,
pride, vanity, spinning, obstruction
and outright lies.
Has own frame of reference or a set
of interlocking values, loyalties,
assumptions interest and principle
of action.
Influenced by his environment,
ideology, education, and
circumstances.
OBJECTIVE
Free of inherent contradictions, not
contrary to the laws of nature and
based on actual remains from the
time period referred to.
Verify sources, to date them, locate
the place of origin and identify
their intended functions.
Based their accounts on source
materials.

Historical Method
Historiography is the study of how
 The core protocols historians’ use for
history was written, by whom and
why it was recorded. handling sources.
 An agreed ground rules
LESSON 1: HISTORY: INTRODUCTION AND HISTORICAL SOURCES
SOURCES OF HISTORY
Tangible remains, an object from the past or
testimony concerning the past.

THREE KINDS OF SOURCES

1)Primary Sources
2)Secondary Sources
3)Tertiary Sources
LESSON 1: HISTORY: INTRODUCTION AND HISTORICAL SOURCES
PRIMARY SOURCES
1)Primary Sources is a testimony of an
individual who was a participant in or a direct witness to
the event that is being described.
FIVE MAIN CATEGORIES
1)Written sources
4)Relics
2)Numerical records
5)Images
3)Oral statements
LESSON 1: HISTORY: INTRODUCTION AND HISTORICAL SOURCES
PRIMARY SOURCES
1)Written sources or documents – are written
or printed and published materials that have been produced in
one form or another sometime in the past.
EXAMPLES: EXAMPLES:
 Travelogue  Archival materials
 Transcription of speech  Memoirs
 Autobiographies  Diary
 Journal or newspapers  Personal Letter
LESSON 1: HISTORY: INTRODUCTION AND HISTORICAL SOURCES
PRIMARY SOURCES
ARCHIVA
NEWSPAPER L
MATERIA
L

TRAVELOGU MEMOIR
E
LESSON 1: HISTORY: INTRODUCTION AND HISTORICAL SOURCES
PRIMARY SOURCES
2) Numerical Records – includes any type of
numerical data in printed or handwritten form.

EXAMPLES:
 Test scores
 Attendance figure
 Census report
 School budget
LESSON 1: HISTORY: INTRODUCTION AND HISTORICAL SOURCES
PRIMARY SOURCES
3) Oral statements – includes any form of statement
made orally by an eyewitness.
EXAMPLES:
 Myth
 Tales
 Legends
 Songs
 Video recordings
 Audio recordings
 Stories
LESSON 1: HISTORY: INTRODUCTION AND HISTORICAL SOURCES

“My first day was a scary

one. There was a patient
whose earlobes were so
long…he had no nose, only
two holes on his face,
and no fingers, only the
palm of his hands…the
other patients were in
different stages of
deformity.” Sr. Maria
Luisa Montenegro, SPC
1940
LESSON 1: HISTORY: INTRODUCTION AND HISTORICAL SOURCES
PRIMARY SOURCES
4) Relics – any objects whose physical or visual
characteristics can provide some information about the past.

EXAMPLES:
 Artifacts
 Fossils
 Furniture
 Clothing
 Monuments
 Artworks
LESSON 1: HISTORY: INTRODUCTION AND HISTORICAL SOURCES
PRIMARY SOURCES ARTIFACTS
BALANGINGA
4) Relics RUINS BELLS

FOSSILS
LESSON 1: HISTORY: INTRODUCTION AND HISTORICAL SOURCES
PRIMARY SOURCES
5) Images – includes photograph, posters, paintings,
drawing cartoons and maps.
MAP CARTOON
LESSON 1: HISTORY: INTRODUCTION AND HISTORICAL SOURCES
PRIMARY SOURCES
5) Images – includes photograph, posters, paintings,
drawing cartoons and maps.
PAINTING PHOTOGRAPH
LESSON 1: HISTORY: INTRODUCTION AND HISTORICAL SOURCES

2) Secondary Sources interprets and analyzes

primary sources. It is prepared by an individual who was
not direct witness to an event, but not who obtained his or
her description of the event from someone else.
LESSON 1: HISTORY: INTRODUCTION AND HISTORICAL SOURCES
SECONDARY SOURCES
EXAMPLES:
 Pictures
 Votes
 History textbook
 Printed materials
 Biographies
 Newspaper
 Magazine
 Journals
 Works of criticism and
interpretation
PRIMARY & SECONDARY SOURCES

… depends on the
historical subject being
studied.
 PRIMARY SOURCES
Commonwealth Constitution
Convention of 1935
 Minutes of the
convention  Draft of the Constitution
 Newspaper clippings  Photographs of the event
 Philippine Commission  Records of the
reports of the US convention
Commissioners
 SECONDARY SOURCES
Philippine Revolution of 1896

Teodoro Agoncillo’s Revolt of the Masses:

The Story of Bonifacio and the Katipunan
(1956)
TEODORO’S PRIMARY SOURCES
Philippine Revolution of 1896
 Documents of the Katipunan
 Interview with the veterans of Revolution
 Correspondence between and among the
Katipuneros
LESSON 1: HISTORY: INTRODUCTION AND HISTORICAL SOURCES
3) Tertiary Sources provides third hand
information by reporting ideas and details from
secondary sources.
EXAMPLES:
 Encyclopedia
 Almanac
 Wikipedia
 Youtube
 Dictionaries
 Message boards